Charge and Spin States in Schiff Base Metal Complexes with a Disiloxane Unit Exhibiting a Strong Noninnocent Ligand Character: Synthesis, Structure, Spectroelectrochemistry, and Theoretical Calculations

Mononuclear nickel­(II), copper­(II),
and manganese­(III) complexes with a noninnocent tetradentate Schiff
base ligand containing a disiloxane unit were prepared in situ by
reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
with 1,3-bis­(3-aminopropyl)­tetramethyldisiloxane followed by addition
of the appropriate metal­(II) salt. The ligand H2L resulting
from these reactions is a 2:1 condensation product of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 1,3-bis­(3-aminopropyl)­tetramethyldisiloxane.
The resulting metal complexes, NiL·0.5CH2Cl2, CuL·1.5H2O, and MnL­(OAc)·0.15H2O, were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods
(IR, UV–vis, X-band EPR, HFEPR, 1H NMR), ESI mass
spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Taking into account
the well-known strong stabilizing effects of tert-butyl groups in positions 3 and 5 of the aromatic ring on phenoxyl
radicals, we studied the one-electron and two-electron oxidation of
the compounds using both experimental (chiefly spectroelectrochemistry)
and computational (DFT) techniques. The calculated spin-density distribution
and localized orbitals analysis revealed the oxidation locus and the
effect of the electrochemical electron transfer on the molecular structure
of the complexes, while time-dependent DFT calculations helped to
explain the absorption spectra of the electrochemically generated
species. Hyperfine coupling constants, g-tensors,
and zero-field splitting parameters have been calculated at the DFT
level of theory. Finally, the CASSCF approach has been employed to
theoretically explore the zero-field splitting of the S = 2 MnL­(OAc) complex for comparison purposes with the DFT and experimental
HFEPR results. It is found that the D parameter sign
strongly depends on the metal coordination geometry.