Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are important causes of several swine diseases that result in significant economic losses worldwide. In Japan, the use of antimicrobials in swine is much higher tha
Rotaviruses (RV) are important causes of diarrhea in animals, especially in domestic animals. Of the 9 RV species, rotavirus A, B, and C (RVA, RVB, and RVC, respectively) had been established as impor
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB or TBC) is a deadly infectious disease that surpasses HIV and malaria as the leading cause of infectious death. Indonesia ranks second in global TB cases. The main chall
