EPOR binds EPOR agonists

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a growth factor produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells. It works by promoting the division and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow. EPO binds to the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) and triggers the JAK2/STAT5 signalling cascade which ultimately signals the activatation of nuclear target genes involved in cell division or differentiation, including the apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-x. The inhibition of apoptosis is critical in erythroid differentiation. EPO also activates other intracellular proteins involved in erythroid cell proliferation and survival.<br><br>The PEGylated functional analogue of EPO (peginesatide) and recombinant EPO forms (the epoetins) are used for the treatment of patients with anemia associated with various clinical conditions, such as chronic renal failure, antiviral drug therapy and chemotherapy (Bennet et al. 2004, Singh et al. 2006, Besarab et al. 2012, Zabaneh et al. 2015, Fishbane & Shah 2015, Zadeh 2017)

促红细胞生成素（EPO）是一种由肾脏产生的高度特异性生长因子，其功能在于刺激红细胞的生成。该因子通过促进骨髓中专职红系祖细胞的增殖与分化发挥作用。促红细胞生成素与红系生成素受体（EPOR）结合，进而引发JAK2/STAT5信号级联反应，最终激活参与细胞增殖或分化的核靶基因，包括凋亡抑制因子Bcl-x。在红系分化过程中，抑制细胞凋亡至关重要。此外，促红细胞生成素还能激活其他参与红系细胞增殖与存活的细胞内蛋白。聚乙二醇化功能性类似物（peginesatide）和重组EPO制剂（如epoetins）被用于治疗因慢性肾衰竭、抗病毒药物疗法和化疗等临床状况引起的贫血（参见Bennet等，2004；Singh等，2006；Besarab等，2012；Zabaneh等，2015；Fishbane & Shah，2015；Zadeh，2017）。