Does nocturnal light pollution impair immune function in a wild-living amphibian?

Light pollution is among the most rapidly growing anthropogenic stressors on Earth. Experimental studies suggest that light pollution have deleterious effects on metabolism and immunity (among others) of animals. The aim of this study was to assess, for the first time, whether the effects of light pollution on immunity previously reported in experimental studies, are also observable in a wild species. To do so, we measured a large set of body condition and immune traits, to obtain a comprehensive picture of individuals’ health, in 15 natural populations of common toads (Bufo bufo) distributed along a gradient of exposure to light pollution. We measured these sites' exposure to light pollution and because we expected that other landscape features would covary with light pollution, additional landscape variables associated with urbanisation and climate were extracted: altitude (as a proxy of ambient temperature); the percentage of forest, urban, agricultural and wetlands areas in a buffer..., , # Data from: Does nocturnal light pollution impair immune function in a wild-living amphibian?

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.7d7wm3888](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7d7wm3888)

## Description of the data and file structure

**Ethics**

The protocols of capture and blood sampling of toads were approved by the French Government *via* prefectural decrees n° 69-2023-01-20-00005 for the Rhône department; n° DDPP01-23-044 for the Ain department; n° 38-2023-02-21-00003 for the Isère department. All experiments were performed in accordance with guidelines and regulations of the Ethical Committee of Lyon 1 University (project APAFIS #41025-2023021713471183, 20^th^ February, 2023).

**Sites**

We selected 15 populations of toads in sites around a 50-km radius from the Lyon Metropole in France. This area characterized by its variety of environments, from dense urban areas (Lyon metropolis, 1.4 million inhabitants), residential areas/villages, agricultural zones to isolated natural areas. The sites...,