南方地区杨树人工林定向培育技术体系的研究与应用

本项目根据我国黄淮平原和长江中下游的气候、土壤和社会经济条件，针对杨树大径材和中小径材的定向培育目标，系统开展了杨树人工林适地适无性系、苗木标准化生产、立地质量数量化评价、密度控制、修枝、萌芽更新、人工林复合经营、专用高效复合肥的研制与施用技术、杨树人工林的碳汇功能等配套试验研究，优化组装出了杨树不同培育目标的工业用材林定向培育模式，明显提高了单位面积产量和质量，产生了显著的经济、生态和社会效益。 在应用基础研究上，项目系统研究了不同杨树无性系微纤丝角、木材密度、纤维形态和纤维素含量的株间变异、株内变异以及立地环境和栽培措施对木材性质的影响，提出了纤维材定向培育的杨树无性系选择和工艺成熟林 探讨了杨树无性系耐低磷机理研究，将杨树无性系的耐低磷能力分为4级，为实现杨树人工林定向培育的适地适无性系提供了理论依据。 在应用研究上，总结出了一套林木良种繁育、标准化生产的系统技术，制定了两个苗木标准 总结了杨树人工林复合经营体系建立的设计原理，并利用林木生长的边行优势原理，首次设计和提出了双行大间距的4种杨—农间作新模式，生物生产力、光能利用率和经济效益分别比单农经营高出43.8%、38.0%和49.0% 研制了杨树专用高效复合肥的最佳配方、制作工艺和施肥技术，建立了6万吨/年杨树专用肥生产线，产品施用后，材积生长比未施肥林分增加30%以上，比施普通肥增加15%以上 编制了南方型杨树无性系通用的立地指数表，提出了南方地区培育杨树无节优质胶合板材用材林的无性系筛选、密度控制等5项关键技术，优化出了4套杨树胶合板材定向培育栽培模式，林分年蓄积生长量在18-30立方米/公顷/年 提出了杨树中小径材培育的立地控制、萌芽更新、轮伐期确定等技术，优化了纤维材定向培育的技术体系，林分的年生物产量在12-15吨/公顷/年 通过集成优化的杨树人工林定向模式模式，可使林分产量净增加1.5-4.5 立方米/公顷/年。 项目研究历时10余年，可分为3个研究阶段，即单项技术研究、系统技术组装与配套和示范推广应用，是一项关键技术集成创新成果。该项目申请专利3项 制定标准3个 出版著作2部，发表论文59篇（其中SCI收录5篇）。

Based on the climatic, soil, and socio-economic conditions of the Huang-Huai Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, this project systematically conducted a series of supporting experimental studies targeting the directional cultivation of large-diameter and small/medium-diameter poplar timbers, including site-specific clonal matching for poplar plantations, standardized seedling production, quantitative evaluation of site quality, density control, pruning, stump sprouting regeneration, intercropping management of plantations, development and application technologies of specialized high-efficiency compound fertilizers, and the carbon sequestration function of poplar plantations. It optimized and assembled targeted cultivation models for industrial poplar timber plantations corresponding to different cultivation goals, significantly increased the yield and quality per unit area, and yielded remarkable economic, ecological, and social benefits.

In the field of applied basic research, the project systematically investigated the inter-plant and intra-plant variations of microfibril angle, wood density, fiber morphology, and cellulose content of different poplar clones, as well as the effects of site environment and cultivation measures on wood properties. It proposed clonal selection techniques for poplar plantations targeting fiber timber cultivation and the criteria for technically mature stands, and explored the low-phosphorus tolerance mechanism of poplar clones, classifying the low-phosphorus tolerance of poplar clones into 4 grades, which provides a theoretical basis for realizing site-specific clonal matching in the directional cultivation of poplar plantations.

In the field of applied research, the project summarized a set of systematic technologies for improved forest tree breeding and standardized seedling production, and formulated two seedling standards. It summarized the design principles for establishing poplar plantation intercropping systems, and for the first time designed and proposed 4 new poplar-crop intercropping models with double rows and large spacing by leveraging the border row advantage principle of forest tree growth. The biological productivity, light energy utilization rate, and economic benefit of these models are 43.8%, 38.0%, and 49.0% higher than those of single crop farming, respectively. The project developed the optimal formula, production process, and fertilization technologies for specialized high-efficiency poplar compound fertilizers, and established a 60,000-ton/year poplar special fertilizer production line. After application, the volume growth of fertilized stands increased by more than 30% compared with unfertilized stands, and more than 15% compared with stands applying ordinary fertilizers. It compiled a general site index table for southern-type poplar clones, and proposed 5 key technologies including clonal selection and density control for cultivating knot-free high-quality glued laminated timber poplar plantations in southern China, and optimized 4 targeted cultivation models for poplar glued laminated timber, with the annual stand volume growth ranging from 18 to 30 cubic meters per hectare per year. It also proposed technologies for small and medium-diameter poplar timber cultivation including site control, stump sprouting regeneration, and rotation period determination, and optimized the technical system for targeted fiber timber cultivation, with the annual stand biomass yield ranging from 12 to 15 tons per hectare per year. Through the integrated and optimized directional cultivation models for poplar plantations, the net stand yield can be increased by 1.5 to 4.5 cubic meters per hectare per year.

The project lasted for more than 10 years and can be divided into three research stages: single technology research, systematic technology integration and matching, and demonstration, promotion and application. It is a key technology integration and innovation achievement. The project applied for 3 patents, formulated 3 standards, published 2 monographs, and published 59 papers, including 5 SCI-indexed papers.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了南方地区杨树人工林定向培育技术体系的研究成果，包括适地适无性系选择、苗木标准化生产、立地质量评价等关键技术，以及优化出的4套栽培模式。研究历时10余年，显著提高了杨树林的产量和质量，产生了经济、生态和社会效益。