Introduction: A patent foramen ovale (PFO) may coexist with other potential embolic sources (PESs) in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), leading to difficulty in attributing t
Background: A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are cryptogenic. In this context, the clinical pertinence of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with and without atrial septum aneurysm (ASA) remains c