COMPARATIVE GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF TOURISM AND RECREATION MANAGEMENT MODELS IN NATIONAL NATURE PARKS

Abstract. The article presents a comparative geographical analysis of international models for managing tourism and recreational activities in national nature parks. The funding sources, environmental control mechanisms, advantages and limitations of the state-led, public-private partnership and community-based management models are systematized. Drawing on the concepts of sustainable tourism and ecotourism, the importance of functional zoning, regulation of recreational load and carrying capacity, minimal and adaptive infrastructure, environmental education and the participation of local communities is substantiated. For the conditions of Uzbekistan, it is proposed that, rather than fully transferring foreign models, their strengths should be combined within an integrated management system.