Plant–hummingbird pollination networks exhibit limited rewiring after experimental removal of a locally abundant plant species

In this study, we simulated the local extinction of a
hummingbird-pollinated understory plant, Heliconia tortuosa, from tropical
forest fragments using a replicated Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI)
experimental design while quantifying plant-hummingbird interactions
through two parallel techniques: pollen collected from individual
hummingbirds (‘pollen networks’, created from >300 pollen samples)
and observations of hummingbirds visiting focal plants (‘camera networks’,
created from >19,000 observation hours). Each response
variable was measured during each experimental period (pre and post) in
sites with and without H. tortuosa removal (treatment and control).