Detection and characterization of quantitative trait loci for coleoptile elongation under anaerobic conditions in rice

Low oxygen concentrations in flooded paddy fields cause poor seedling establishment in wet direct seeded rice. We aimed to identify novel genomic regions associated with coleoptile elongation under anaerobic conditions in order to improve seedling establishment. Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), substituted with Koshihikari (Japonica-type) in the IR 64 genetic background (Indica-type) were evaluated. These lines were imbibed with a hydroponic solution containing Oxyrase to create a stable anaerobic condition and coleoptile lengths were measured six days after incubation at 30°C. Among the CSSLs, only SL2111 had a significantly longer coleoptile (23.9 mm) than that of IR 64 (14.3 mm). From genotype and phenotype analyses, a novel QTL, referred to as <i>qACE3.1</i>, for coleoptile elongation under anaerobic conditions was detected on chromosome 3. To explore the molecular mechanism of <i>qACE3.1</i>, the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in starch degradation and fermentation were assessed. In SL2111 coleoptiles, the expression levels of pyruvate decarboxylase were significantly higher than in IR 64 coleoptiles whereas those of alcohol dehydrogenase were lower. In contrast, no differences were observed in the expression levels of genes associated with starch degradation. These results imply that <i>qACE3.1</i> may specifically affect fermentative metabolism. In addition, we evaluated the impact of <i>qACE3.1</i> on seedling establishment under flooded conditions in a paddy field.