The primary objective of this work was to investigate how fillers drove the succession of bacteria to affect C and N loss and metabolic function. 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the succession of bacteria was significantly affected by the fillers

The primary objective of this work was to investigate how fillers drove the succession of bacteria to affect C and N loss and metabolic function. 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the succession of bacteria was significantly affected by the fillers during composting. LEfSe analyses showed that B and C treatments with fillers (straw) contained the majority different bacteria related to lignocellulosic degradation and nitrogen fixation, while treatment A contained different bacteria related to pathogenicity and denitrification. Thus, reducing the losses of C and N and the 20% addition had the best effect. Analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that the fillers significantly increased the metabolism of amino acids and carbohydrates in the high temperature period, and the addition of 10% improved the metabolism of carbohydrate, 20% filler improved the metabolism of amino acids, speeding up the maturity of compost further.