Bar graphs of the pre- and postoperative values for (A) HbA1c, (B) BMI, (C) Ca19-9 and (D) CEA with respect to deteriorated, stable and improved blood glucose homeostasis.

Points: means; error bars: 95% CI; black error bars: preoperative values; broken error bars: postoperative values for each group; reference lines: cut-off/normal values; F- and p-values beneath each diagram: one-sided ANOVA for comparison between the three groups at each time point; and p-values within the diagram: two-sided T-test for paired samples for pre- and post-operative comparisons within the designated group.