毛白杨基因标记辅助育种技术与新品种创制

本项目属于林木遗传育种应用基础研究领域，研究方向为林木分子育种。项目紧密围 绕毛白杨生长与木材品质形成的分子遗传基础与辅助育种技术，历经10年重点科研攻关，取得了系统的分子育种理论与技术，为林木高效精准育种提供了可靠的理论基础与关键技 术，具有重要的科学与应用价值。 1.系统揭示了毛白杨种质资源群体全基因组遗传变异规律基于毛白杨种质资源重测序工作，精确绘制了杨树基因组等位变异图谱，系统剖析了种质群体全基因组遗传变异规律，开发的全基因组SSR、SNP 与InDel标记为群体资源评价与基因标记辅助育种提供了重要的基因资源 全面评价了毛白杨种质资源群体的遗传多样性与群体结构，揭示了毛白杨杂 种起源特征与种源群体分化模式，建立了毛白杨应用核心种质资源库。 2.精准解析了基因内SSR、SNP 与InDel位点的遗传效应利用候选基因关联作图理论，精准解析了500余个关键基因内SSR、SNP、InDel位点及其单体型对生长及木材品质性状的遗传效应，发现了基因内InDel位点对表型性状具有更强的遗传效应，发掘的基因内功能标记可直接用于基因标记辅助育种。 3.首创了林木数量性状加性、显性与上位性联合解析新策略通过开展关键性状生物合成途径多基因位点联合控制生长与木材品质的遗传变异研究，首创了林木数量性状加性、 显性与上位性联合解析策略，发现了加性、显性与上位性对数量性状变异均具有较大的贡献率，首次提出应同时检测加性、显性与上位性以提高遗传增益的林木遗传改良观点。

This project falls within the field of applied basic research on forest tree genetics and breeding, with the research direction focusing on forest tree molecular breeding. Focusing closely on the molecular genetic basis of Populus tomentosa growth and wood quality formation and marker-assisted breeding technologies, after a decade of focused scientific research efforts, the project has established systematic molecular breeding theories and technologies, providing reliable theoretical foundations and key technologies for efficient and precise forest tree breeding, and holding important scientific and application values.

1. Systematically uncovered the whole-genome genetic variation patterns of Populus tomentosa germplasm populations. Leveraging whole-genome resequencing data of Populus tomentosa germplasm resources, we accurately constructed the allele variation map of the Populus tomentosa genome, and systematically dissected the whole-genome genetic variation patterns of the germplasm population. The developed genome-wide SSR, SNP and InDel markers provide critical genetic resources for germplasm resource evaluation and marker-assisted breeding. We comprehensively evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of the Populus tomentosa germplasm population, revealed the hybrid origin characteristics and provenance population differentiation patterns of Populus tomentosa, and established the applied core germplasm repository of Populus tomentosa.

2. Precisely dissected the genetic effects of intragenic SSR, SNP and InDel loci. Adopting the candidate gene association mapping theory, we precisely analyzed the genetic effects of over 500 key intragenic SSR, SNP, InDel loci and their haplotypes on growth and wood quality traits. We discovered that intragenic InDel loci exert stronger genetic effects on phenotypic traits, and the identified intragenic functional markers can be directly applied in marker-assisted breeding.

3. Pioneered a novel strategy for joint analysis of additive, dominant and epistatic effects of forest tree quantitative traits. By investigating the genetic variation of key traits where growth and wood quality are jointly controlled by multiple loci in biosynthetic pathways, we established the first-ever joint analysis strategy for additive, dominant and epistatic effects of forest tree quantitative traits. We found that additive, dominant and epistatic effects all make considerable contributions to quantitative trait variation, and for the first time proposed the viewpoint of forest tree genetic improvement that simultaneous detection of additive, dominant and epistatic effects should be implemented to enhance genetic gain.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于毛白杨的基因标记辅助育种技术与新品种创制，通过10年的研究，系统揭示了毛白杨种质资源群体的全基因组遗传变异规律，并开发了相关基因标记。数据集还包含了精准解析基因内SSR、SNP与InDel位点的遗传效应，以及首创的林木数量性状加性、显性与上位性联合解析新策略。