Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS), 1991-1994: [United States]

Drug-Abuse Treatment Outcomes Study (DATOS) is a
prospective study designed to determine the outcomes of adult drug
abuse treatment delivered in typical, stable, community-based programs
and to provide comprehensive information on continuing and new
questions about the effectiveness of drug abuse treatment for adults
currently available in a variety of publicly funded and private
programs. The study examined the role of treatment outcomes and
program type, client characteristics (including dependence, treatment
history, and physical and mental health comorbidities), treatment
received (e.g., length and intensity of services provided),
therapeutic approaches, provision of aftercare, and research on the
components of effective treatment, including factors that engage and
retain clients in programs. Four types of programs were included:
outpatient methadone (OPM), short-term inpatient (STI), long-term
residential (LTR), and outpatient drug-free (ODF). Respondents were
sampled from among adults admitted to drug abuse treatment programs in
11 representative U.S. cities during 1991-1993.
Clients entering treatment completed two comprehensive intake
interviews (Intake 1 and Intake 2), approximately one week apart. This
information is provided in Parts 1 and 2 of the data collection. These
interviews were designed to obtain baseline data on drug use and other
behaviors, as well as information on background and demographic
characteristics, patterns of dependence, living situation and child
custody status, education and training, income and expenditures, and
HIV risk behaviors, along with assessments of dependence, mental
health, physical health, and social functioning. Data on criminal
justice status and criminal behavior are reported in Part 5, Illegal
Activities Data, and are drawn from the Intake 1 interview. Data
reflecting during-treatment progress, including service delivery and
client satisfaction, were collected in the one-, three-, and six-month
in-treatment interviews (Parts 3, 4, and 8). The 12-Month
Post-Treatment Follow-Up Interview (Part 6) replicated many of the
intake questions and focused on key behaviors in the year following
treatment. Part 7 includes variables for time in treatment and
interview availability indicators. The 12-Month Follow-Up Urine Result
data (Part 9) provide the results from urine sample tests that were
given to a sample of subjects at the time of the 12-Month Follow-Up
Interview. Urine specimens were tested for eight categories of drugs
(amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine
metabolite, methaqualone, opiates, and phencyclidine). The drugs
covered in the study were alcohol, tobacco, marijuana (hashish, THC),
hallucinogens or psychedelics such as LSD, mescaline, and PCP, cocaine
(including crack), heroin, narcotics or opiates such as morphine,
codeine, Demerol, Dilaudid, and Talwin, downers or depressants such as
sedatives, barbiturates, and tranquilizers, amphetamines or other
stimulants such as speed or diet pills, and other drugs. Part 10 contains data for 1393 clients who were interviewed 5 years post treatment. This part contains many of the same types of questions asked during previous interviews.