Effects of different chemical forms of lanthanum, cerium, and fluorine on the composition and diversity of farmland soil microbial community

Rapid accumulation of soil lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), and fluorine (F) caused by bastnasite mining development has increasingly become concerned worldwide in the past decades. However, the effects of the different chemical forms of these elements on the composition and diversity of soil dominant, moderate, and rare microorganisms are unclear. This study performed three groups of pot experiments to investigate the effects of different chemical forms of La, Ce, and F on the soil microbial communities using the 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS profiling as well as correlation and redundancy analysis, providing a strong theoretical basis for the effective management of farmland pollution.