Baseline descriptive characteristics of the study population stratified by sex.

Abbreviations: MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; CSHQ, Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; HOMAIR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; SFA, saturated fatty acid. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or proportions. Sex differences were tested using a two-sample t-test or Pearson’s chi-squared test: *, P<0.05; **, P<0.001. 1Highest education of parents: ≤10 years/11–12 years/13–16 years/≥17 years. 2Based on the World Health Organization Growth Reference from 2007 [18]. 3Based on age- and sex-specific cut-offs defined to pass through body mass index at 18.5, 25 and 30 kg/m2 at age 18 years [19], [20]; uw/nw/ow/ob, underweight/normal weight/overweight/obese. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or proportion. 4Total tri-axial physical activity (cpm): Boys, 1052±232; Girls, 928±195 (P<0.001); All, 992±223. 5Sedentary time (hh:mm/day): Boys, 7∶56±1∶07; Girls, 7∶51±1∶01 (P = 0.25); All, 7∶54±1∶04.