Whole genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians

The genetic variation in Northern Asian populations is currently under-sampled, to address this, we have generated a new genetic variation reference panel by whole-genome sequencing of 175 ethnic Mongolians, representing six tribes. The catalogued variation in the panel reveals strong population stratification among these tribes, which correlates with the diverse demographic histories in the region. Incorporating our results with the 1000 Genomes Project panel reveals shared derived alleles between Finns and Mongolians/Siberians, which suggests that significant gene flow between Northern Eurasian populations has occurred in the past. Furthermore, we highlight that North, East, and Southeast Asian populations are more aligned with each other than these groups are with South Asian and Oceanian populations.