Dataset for "How Government Effectiveness Mediates the E-Government Impact on Corruption Control: A Lever–Fulcrum Perspective

This dataset supports the empirical analysis presented in the study examining the relationship between e-government development (EGOV), government effectiveness (GE), and corruption control (CC) within a socio-technical framework. The analysis is based on a balanced panel of 133 countries over the period 2012–2024. The dataset integrates indicators from multiple publicly available international sources. EGOV is operationalized using the E-Government Development Index (EGDI), along with its constituent components: Online Services (OS), Telecommunications Infrastructure (TI), and Human Capital (HC). Government effectiveness (GE) and control of corruption (CC) are obtained from the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI). Additional control variables include voice and accountability (VA), trade openness (TO), and economic development (log GDP per capita). The dataset is structured to support a within–between (Mundlak) decomposition framework, enabling the separation of temporal (within-country) and structural (between-country) effects. Lagged variables are constructed to capture the sequential relationship between EGOV, GE, and CC, consistent with the mediation design employed in the study. The dataset also includes variables required for instrumental variable estimation, using secure internet servers and mobile penetration as instruments for EGOV. Contents: Country-level panel data (133 countries, 2012–2024) EGDI and sub-components (OS, TI, HC) Government Effectiveness (GE) Control of Corruption (CC) Control variables: VA, TO, Log GDP per capita Lagged variables for mediation analysis Within–between transformed variables (means and deviations) Instrumental variables (secure internet servers, mobile penetration) All data are derived from publicly available sources and have been compiled and harmonized for research purposes.