Two new species and one new record of <i>Xenosporium</i> with ellipsoidal or ovoid conidia from Taiwan

Three species of <i>Xenosporium</i> producing ellipsoidal or ovoid conidia were collected from decaying culms of <i>Miscanthus floridulus</i> submerged in freshwater streams of Alishan area, Chiayi County, Taiwan. <i>Xenosporium formosiforme</i> and <i>X. parvulum</i> are described and illustrated as new species. <i>Xenosporium africanum</i> is described in this paper as a new record for Taiwan. The phylogenetic relationships of <i>Xenosporium</i> species and related taxa were sought by comparing the sequences of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) barcode, 28S rDNA, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>RPB2</i>) gene segments. Phylogenetic analysis of these <i>Xenosporium</i> species supports their placement in the Tubeufiaceae. A synopsis of <i>Xenosporium</i> species producing ellipsoidal or ovoid conidia is given. The criteria used to differentiate species are discussed.