microbiome to improve high fat diet induced obesity

Therapeutic hypothermia and swimming have been shown to alleviate high-fat diet (HFD) -induced obesity, and the effects are related to the gut microbiota (GM). Therapeutic hypothermia and swimming have been shown to alleviate high-fat diet (HFD) -induced obesity, and the effects are related to the gut microbiota (GM). However, whether the effects of cold swimming on GM can be effectively transferred by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has not been investigated. In the present study, mouse models of obesity, cold swimming, and FMT were established to investigate the mechanism by which cold swimming ameliorated HFD-induced obesity by remodeling GM. The relationship between obesity phenotype, GM composition, gene expression and cold swimming was analyzed. It was found that high-fat diet induced an obese phenotype and GM dysbiosis in mice, whereas cold swimming produced the opposite effect. FMT results confirmed that cold swimming could effectively alleviate HFD-induced lipid accumulation, metabolic disorders, and chronic inflammation, which was related to increasing GM diversity, enriching beneficial bacteria, and repairing intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, these beneficial effects can be efficiently delivered by FMT. Evidence from the present study suggests that GM plays a key role in the anti-obesity effects of cold swimming and that gut barrier repair becomes a potential therapeutic target. This also provides a scientific basis for the feasibility of microbiota transplantation as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity. However, whether the effects of cold swimming on GM can be effectively transferred by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has not been investigated. In the present study, mouse models of obesity, cold swimming, and FMT were established to investigate the mechanism by which cold swimming ameliorated HFD-induced obesity by remodeling GM. The relationship between obesity phenotype, GM composition, gene expression and cold swimming was analyzed. It was found that high-fat diet induced an obese phenotype and GM dysbiosis in mice, whereas cold swimming produced the opposite effect. FMT results confirmed that cold swimming could effectively alleviate HFD-induced lipid accumulation, metabolic disorders, and chronic inflammation, which was related to increasing GM diversity, enriching beneficial bacteria, and repairing intestinal barrier damage. Furthermore, these beneficial effects can be efficiently delivered by FMT. Evidence from the present study suggests that GM plays a key role in the anti-obesity effects of cold swimming and that gut barrier repair becomes a potential therapeutic target. This also provides a scientific basis for the feasibility of microbiota transplantation as a strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity.