Study Characteristics of included studies.

PVP: Percutaneous vertebroplasty; BK: Balloon kyphoplasty; NSC: Non-surgical care; CT: Conservative treatment Non-surgical care was also thought to be Conservative treatment. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; INF: Incidence of new fractures; AAD: All-cause discontinuation SMD: standardized mean difference; OR: odds ratio a: UK, Netherland, Belgium, Germany, Australia, France, Sweden and Italy b: Netherland and Belgium Study Characteristics of included studies.