Data for: A storage architecture for high-throughput crop breeding data based on improved blockchain technology

To reflect the difference, four query methods were designed: (1) single-table query; (2) left join query; (3) right join query; and (4) inner join query. The single-table query operates on one table, and the other three methods query data from two tables. Every table contains 20 database fields. To reflect the impact of different numbers of nodes on query efficiency, we designed four database environments: a centralized database, and a blockchain storage structure with one, two, and three nodes. We recorded the execution time of a query every time the amount of data increased by 10,000 rows.