Effects of different doses of microcystin-LR exposure on gut microbiota of Xenopus laevis tadpoles

Although the acute toxicity of microcystin-LR has been widely confirmed, its effects on aquatic organisms at environmental concentrations have not been systematically studied. To reveal the effects of microcystin-LR on gut development and the microbiota of tadpoles. Xenopus laevis tadpoles were exposed to different concentrations of microcystin-LR for 1, 7, 49, and 70 d and the results were analyzed using histopathology, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.