Biological Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Resistant Populations by Integrated Gut Microbiota Sequencing, Metabolomics and Proteomics: A Cohort Comparison Study

Objective: Most research reports on COVID-19 infections have focused on thecorrelation between the severity of the disease symptoms and immune deficits,while the mechanisms affecting the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 remain largelyunknown. The study aimed to comprehensively analyze the differences inimmunity, gut microbiota, metabolism, and proteomics between the SARS-CoV-2 resistant population and susceptible population.Methods and results: In this cohort comparison study, participants wererigorously selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in a continuousenrollment manner through continuous enrollment using combinedquestionnaires and clinical data, ultimately including 25 SARS-CoV-2 resistantvolunteers versus 16 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The clinical informationof the participants was recorded in detail, and fecal and blood samples werecollected in a standardized manner for subsequent multi omics analysis,including gut microbiota sequencing, metabolomics, and proteomics. Thisstudy has preliminarily elucidated the characteristics of the gut microbiota,serum metabolites, and serum proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 resistant population.It exhibits a unique metabolic signature characterized by elevated levels ofserum phosphatidylinositol and the abundance of Prevotella, which may serveas a potential predictive biomarker for resistance to SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Given the crucial role of phosphatidylinositol in cell membranearchitecture and viral infectivity, this study provides a promising entry point forfurther research into the pathogenesis and prevention strategies of COVID-19.