Product yields, carbon and redox balances, growth and energetic parameters, total substrate and pH values determined at the time point of maximal biomass achieved by D39 and D39<i>ΔccpA</i> strains cultured on Glc (56±1 mM) or Gal (57±1 mM).

Substrate consumption rate and the specific growth rate are also shown. Values of two or three independent experiments were averaged and errors are reported as ±SD. aCarbon balance is the percentage of carbon in metabolized Glc or Gal that is recovered in the fermentation products (lactate, formate, ethanol and acetate); bredox balance is the ratio between [lactate]+2×[ethanol] and 2×[Glc or Gal] multiplied by 100. qsmax was estimated from a first-order derivative of a polynomial fit of the observed substrate consumption time series. Dry weight (DW) was used as a measure of cell mass. BDL, below detection limit.