Intraoperative hyperthermia is associated with increased acute kidney injury following cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a retrospective cohort study

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after cytoreduction surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) for peritoneal surface malignancies. Herein we analyzed the association between intraoperative hyperthermia and AKI following CRS-HIPEC. In this retrospective cohort study, we collected baseline and perioperative data from patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC mainly for pseudomyxoma peritonei between 2014 and 2020. Nasopharyngeal temperature was recorded at 5-min intervals. The area above the threshold was calculated for intraoperative hyperthermia (&gt;37.0 °C). AKI was diagnosed and classified according to the KDIGO creatinine criteria. A multivariable logistic regression model was established to assess the association between hyperthermia and AKI. A total of 480 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 10.6% (51/480) developed AKI within 7 postoperative days. After correction for confounding factors, a larger area above the threshold of hyperthermia was significantly associated with an increased risk of AKI (odds ratio [OR] 1.36, 95% CI 1.14–1.63, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Among other factors, older age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, <i>p</i> = 0.002), postoperative hypotension requiring vasopressors (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.02–4.27, <i>p</i> = 0.042), and intraperitoneal chemotherapy containing cisplatin (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.20–6.33, <i>p</i> = 0.017) were also associated with an increased risk of AKI. Patients with AKI required longer mechanical ventilation, stayed longer in the intensive care unit and hospital, developed more complications, and required more intensive care unit readmission. Among patients undergoing CRS-HIPEC, intraoperative hyperthermia was independently associated with a higher risk of AKI; this effect was additive to other risk factors including cisplatin-containing chemotherapy.