Phylogenomics of superrosids and core rosids based on nuclear sequences and synteny

Superrosids form one of the largest clades of angiosperms, including 18 orders (Vitales, Saxifragales and core rosids) which exhibits remarkable morphological and ecological diversity. However, phylogenetic relationships within superrosids remain unclear.
To resolve the phylogeny of superrosids, we screened 122 single copy nuclear genes from 37 species, representing all 18 orders.
Vitales was revealed as sister to all other superrosids. Within core rosids, the fabids should be restricted only to the nitrogen-fixing clade, while Picramniales, the CM clade, Huerteales, Oxalidales, Sapindales, Malvales and Brassicales composed an “expanded” malvids. The COM clade (sensu APG IV) did not form a monophyletic group. Crossosomatales, Geraniales, Myrtales and Zygophyllales did not belong to either malvids or fabids. The difficult phylogeny of superrosids is likely due to the combined effects of ancient reticulation and incomplete lineage sorting.
To provide broader genomic representation of Saxi..., ,