Whole-genome resequencing of a diverse Ethiopian Brassica carinata panel

Brassica carinata (Ethiopian mustard) is an allotetraploid oilseed crop with increasing importance as a feedstock for renewable fuels and industrial applications. In this study, a diverse panel of 119 Brassica carinata accessions collected from gene banks and local markets across Ethiopia was analyzed to investigate the genetic basis of fatty acid composition, seed oil content, and seed coat color. Whole-genome resequencing was performed to generate genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, which were used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of major fatty acids, including erucic acid (C22:1), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), eicosenoic acid (C20:1), and palmitic acid (C16:0), as well as seed color. Phenotypic data include fatty acid profiles, oil content, seed color, and associated metadata such as geographic origin and altitude where available. The resulting dataset provides a resource for studying the genetic architecture of oil-related traits in Brassica carinata and supports breeding efforts aimed at improving oil quality and yield.