Hyperparasitoid behaviour to injected caterpillars

<strong>Results of the no-choice assay to assess the role of </strong><em><strong>Wolbachia</strong></em><strong> in hyperparasitoid host location. </strong>Bar plots showing (a) the average time (±SE) until first contact of <em>B. galactopus</em> with the caterpillar host <em>P. brassicae</em>, and (b) total mounting time (±SE) of <em>B. galactopus</em> on the caterpillars within 1 h after first contact was made. Hyperparasitoids were subjected to four treatments, including unparasitised caterpillars (Unparasitised-PBS; <em>n</em> = 39), caterpillars parasitised by <em>C. glomerata</em> (Parasitised-PBS; <em>n </em>= 36), caterpillars injected once with <em>Wolbachia</em> (Wolb-PBS; <em>n</em> = 50), and caterpillars injected twice with <em>Wolbachia</em> (Wolb-Wolb; <em>n</em> = 46). Statistical differences among treatments are indicated with different letters based on Kruskal-Wallis tests with Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons including a Hochberg correction. Pie charts show the percentage of responding (black) and non-responding (grey) hyperparasitoids.