Antibiotic challenge of milk microbiota. Exploring Antibiotic Resistance in Bovine Milk Isolates Beyond Traditional Cultivation

In this study, we applied a culture-independent approach to investigate microbial taxa present in udder milk that are resistant or non-susceptible to the presence of antibiotic. We first enriched milk microbiota in the presence of two antibiotics (Penicillin G and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). A total of 97 samples were sequenced using amplicon sequencing and difference in taxa abundance were evaluated.