Summary of key features of the modified <i>E</i>.<i>coli</i> models used in this study.

We have indicated model names, alongside their introduced reactions, target chemical, corresponding objective function (as per reaction ID), total number of model reactions and metabolites, and also the ATP and NAD(P)H pathway coefficients, calculated as the sum of reaction stoichiometry coefficients of all introduced reactions from acetyl-CoA to the final target. CP—Core Pathway.