Transforming Growth Factor β1 Is Expressed in the Jejunum after Experimental Cryptosporidium parvum Infection in Humans

Biopsies from volunteers challenged with Cryptosporidium parvum were examined for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). None of the prechallenge biopsies exhibited TGF-β. Seven of 12 volunteers with oocyst shedding expressed TGF-β versus 2 of 13 volunteers without detected oocysts. The association of TGF-β expression with oocyst excretion and the timing of symptoms suggests that TGF-β mediates intestinal healing.