The initial characteristics of the polypyrrole based aqueous rechargeable batteries with supercapattery characteristics

Figure captions
Fig. 1. Cyclic voltammogram of the PPy electrode in 2 M NH4Cl and 1.1 M ZnCl2 a) Galvanostatic polymerization of pyrrole from 1 M HCl and 0.1 M pyrrole, b) Polarization curve (v = 1 mV s-1) of the zinc electrode in 2 M NH4Cl and 1.1 M ZnCl2.
Fig. 2. a) The dependence of the PPy potentials over time on applied currents, b) The dependence of the voltage over time on applied currents of Zn|PPy cell.
Fig. 3. The dependence of the charge-discharge capacity (left) and specific capacity (right) on applied current. Inset: Coulombic efficiency on applied current and specific current based on PPy mass.
Fig. 4. Cyclization of the Zn|PPy cell. Inset: The dependence of the PPy specific charge-discharge capacity on cycle number.
Fig. 5. Electrochemical formation of PPy, PbO2 and PbSO4
Fig. 6. Cyclic voltammograms of the investigated materials in 1 M H2SO4 and 0.5 M (NH4)2SO4
Fig. 7. Charge-discharge curves of the investigated materials for the different currents.
Fig. 8. The dependence of charge-discharge capacity (left) and specific capacity based on PPy mass (right) on applied current. Inset: The dependence of the Coulombic efficiency (C.E.), for PPy end discharge potentials of –1 V (○) and –0.45 V (), on specific discharge current.
Fig. 9. Cyclization of the PPy|PbO2 cell with an applied current of 6 mA. Inset: dependence of the charge-discharge voltage on specific capacity based on PPy.
Fig. 10. Cyclization of the PbSO4|PPy cell with an applied current of 6 mA. Inset: dependence of the charge-discharge voltage on specific capacity based on PPy.
Fig. 11. The dependence of the charge-discharge voltages on the specific capacities based on active masses at a current of 6 mA (1 mA cm-2), of the investigated cells.