Parameters from the mismatch distribution for Philaenus spumarius COI groups.

Numbers in parenthesis are the upper and lower bound of 95% CI (1000 bootstrap replicates).θ0 and θ1: pre-expansion and post-expansion populations size; τ: time in number of generations elapsed since the sudden/demographic expansion and spatial expansion episodes; SSD: sum of squared deviations; Raggedness: raggedness index following [49]; PSSD and PRAG.: probability that expected mismatch distributions (1000 bootstrap replicates) be larger than observed mismatch distributions.