Supplementary Material for: Effects of febuxostat therapy on circulating adipokine profiles in patients with overweight or obesity and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A randomized controlled study

Introduction: Elevated levels of serum uric acid (SUA) are strongly associated with several components of the metabolic syndrome, particularly obesity. Previous studies have reported the correlation between SUA levels, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity, and the imbalanced adipokine levels that are characteristic of obesity. In this study, we explored the effect of febuxostat on circulating adipokine profiles in patients with overweight or obesity and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Methods: This study was a single-center, randomized and controlled clinical trial that enrolled 130 participants with asymptomatic hyperuricemia and obesity. 117 participants were included in the final analysis, with 60 participants in the febuxostat group and 57 in the control group. We compared the circulating adipokine levels at 3 and 6 months, including high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, chemerin, omentin, (monocyte chemotactic protein-1) MCP-1, asprosin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), neuregulin-4 (Nrg4), leptin, resistin, vaspin, visfatin, adipsin, and assessed the correlation between changes in adipokine levels (Δadipokines) and changes in XOR activity (ΔXOR) after febuxostat treatment. Results: The results showed that an increase in HMW adiponectin and omentin levels and a decrease in chemerin and asprosin levels at 3 or 6 months compared to the control group. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between ΔXOR activity and Δasprosin. Furthermore, after adjusting for ΔTG (triglyceride) and ΔSUA (serum uric acid) in multiple linear regression analyses, we found that ΔXOR activity was independently correlated with Δasprosin. Conclusion: This study may provide important evidence that febuxostat could alleviate the imbalance in circulating adipokine levels in patients with overweight or obesity and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between changes in asprosin levels and changes in XOR activity after febuxostat treatment.