16S rRNA gene and ITS sequences from faecal samples of 12 groups of Udzungwa (Tanzania) red colobus Procolobus gordonorum (total number of samples: 89), and five groups of yellow baboon Papio cynocephalus (total number of samples: 69).

Human exploitation and destruction of tropical resources are currently threatening innumerable wild animal species, altering natural ecosystems and thus, food resources, with profound effects on gut microbiota. Given their conservation status and the importance to tropical ecosystems, wild non-human primates make excellent models to investigate the effect of human disturbance on diversity of host-associated microbiota. Here, we estimated the composition of gut bacterial and fungal communities in two primates living sympatrically in both human-modified (Magombera) and pristine (Mwanihana) forests in the Udzungwa Mountains of Tanzania.