Program characteristics for targeted uni-modal programs.

Note. HC: MET = Healthy Choices: Motivational Enhancement Therapy, PALS = Positive Adolescent Life Skills, RT = Real Teen, ImPACT = Informed Parents and Children Together, FOL = Facts of Life, FOK = Focus on Kids. TU = Treatment as usual, MC = Minimal Contact Control, DI = Delayed Intervention, NA = Not applicable/Not available, NT = No Treatment. HP = Health Professional, PL = Peer Leader, P = Parent, PW = Project Worker. Other: TLFB = Timeline Follow-back.
aParticipants defined as high-risk personalities if they scored 1 standard deviation higher than the school mean on 1 of 4 subscales of the Substance Use Risk Profit Scale: hopelessness, anxiety sensitivity, impulsivity, or sensation seeking.
bHigh-risk females were defined as pregnant adolescents who were using drugs OR who were at risk for using drugs, and for non-pregnant adolescents who were either using drugs OR at risk for using drugs AND who were at risk for pregnancy, where risk was determined using the Problem Oriented Survey Instrument for Teenagers (POSIT).
cThe authors did not employ a “true” control group for ethical reasons, i.e. not providing an adequate level of standard care to all participants. Thus, the study design compared the new treatment of interest (ImPACT) to an established treatment (FOK: Focus on Kids).
dThe authors did not employ a “true” control group to minimize the possibility of a Hawthorn Effect. Thus, the study compared the new treatment (PALS) to an established normative education treatment (FOL: Fast of Life).
eThis is a computer based prevention program, program facilitators are thus not applicable.
fCohen's d reported by author.
gResults were collapsed across comparison groups and analyses were treated as all intervention versus control.
hCohen's d calculated from odds ratio.
iCohen's d calculated from F-value.
*Statistically significant as 95% CI does not contain zero.