Computational Fluid Dynamics: Clot Modelling in Venous Valves with Variable Aperture

A computational study that investigates flow and clot formation in response to changing venous valve aperture. Dysfunction of venous valves is a key factor in deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which can lead to chronic venous insufficiency and pulmonary embolism. This study investigates how valve aperture influences haemodynamics and clot formation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Five idealized two-dimensional valve geometries were modelled under both steady and pulsatile flow conditions. A convection-diffusion-reaction framework was employed to simulate thrombin-fibrinogen interactions, incorporating Michaelis-Menten kinetics to model fibrin formation. Results showed that smaller valve openings caused increased thrombin accumulation and more extensive clot formation, particularly under pulsatile flow. Double-valve configurations exhibited significant thrombin and fibrin buildup in distal pockets, indicating a higher risk of thrombosis. The findings emphasize the importance of valve geometry and flow conditions in DVT development and provide a foundation for future patient-specific 3D modelling.The attached Excel file contains the data set used in generating the various charts presented in the study titled "Computational Fluid Dynamics: Clot Modelling in Venous Valves with Variable Aperture" 2025. All datasets were obtained from ANSYS Fluent simulation results. The Excel file is made of nine sheets, namely: All charts, Fibrin charts, Clot size, Combined Thrombin Plot, Thrombin plot – 70, Thrombin plot - 70 – 70, Thrombin plot – 50, Thrombin plot - (50 - 50), and Thrombin plot - (50 - 50) respectively.The “All charts” sheet shows all the charts present in the Excel file at a glance without the data set behind these charts.“Fibrin charts” present the probe point and random cell fibrin concentration measurement in the flow domain. These datasets are generated from the study’s simulation results.The sheet named “Clot size” presents the clot growth with time. This chart was obtained by using the Area Weighted Average as a metric to obtain clot growth. At the end of each simulation, the Area Weighted Average datasets obtained were recorded for comparative analysis of the clot size in each geometry, as presented in the histogram on this sheet.The “Combined Thrombin Plot” presents all the reactive and non-reactive thrombin concentrations at three different probe points. All probe point values are in millimeters. In the distal valve at ((x, 20.56), (x, 25.5), (x, 29.5)) and proximal valve at ((x, 70.56), (x, 75.5), (x, 79.5)). The value of x ranges between 5 - 5.8.The remaining sheets, namely: Thrombin plot – 70, Thrombin plot - 70 – 70, Thrombin plot – 50, Thrombin plot - (50 - 50), and Thrombin plot - (50 - 50), respectively, present the thrombin concentration data in each geometry considered in the study.