Clostridium_butyricum and butyrate ameliorate obesity

Obesity is closely associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and chronic low-grade inflammation, yet how microbial signals orchestrate systemic immune-metabolic dysfunction remains unclear. By comparing lean and obese pig breeds, we found that obesity correlates with expansion of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), elevated blood lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and reduced abundance of the butyrate-producing bacterium Clostridium_butyricum and its metabolite butyrate.