The saponin monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle adjuvant induces dose-dependent HIV vaccine responses in non-human primates

The induction of durable protective immune responses is the main goal of prophylactic vaccines, and adjuvants play an important role as drivers of such responses. Despite advances in vaccine strategies, a safe and effective HIV vaccine remains a significant challenge. The use of an appropriate adjuvant is crucial to the success of HIV vaccines. Here, we assessed the saponin/MPLA nanoparticle (SMNP) adjuvant with an HIV envelope (Env) trimer, evaluating the impact of adjuvant dose on the establishment of Env-specific memory B cell responses in non-human primates. Overall design: HIV Env-specific memory B cells from PBMCs were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and analyzed by scRNA-seq, including VDJ and GEX libraries, using the 10X Genomics platform.