Classification of the reports and publications related.xlsx

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue impacting environmental, animal, and human health. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) has been increasingly reported in humans, the environment, and wild animals. This study aimed to analyze and compare AMR occurrence in bacterial isolates from wild animals in South American environments with low and high anthropogenic impact through a systematic review. While several studies were identified, half of the included countries had no reports. Most studies focused on the Aves and Mammalia classes, particularly the Chiroptera and Rodentia orders, and Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica bacterial species. Subgroup meta-analyses revealed that, for most antimicrobials, a higher proportion of AMR was found in environments with high anthropogenic impact or no significant difference. Surprisingly, some beta-lactams showed a higher proportion of AMR in environments with low anthropogenic impact. This finding raises questions about the origin and spread of AMR in wild animals and highlights the need for further studies to understand the dynamics of AMR in environments with different levels of human intervention.