Indonesian soil and litter Collembola species and trait matrix with environmental data

Animals were extracted by heat for three days and stored in 70% ethanol until further processing. Environmental variables were measured in composite samples of each litter and soil (five cores per plot within a radius of ca. 2 m around the soil animal sample), including abiotic factors (pH, water content, C:N ratio) and biotic factors (microbial community composition in litter and soil as indicated by phospholipid fatty acids. Litter and soil pH (CaCl2) was measured using a digital pH meter. Aliquots of litter and soil material were dried at 65 °C for 72 h, milled and analyzed for total C and N concentrations using an elemental analyzer (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy). Amount of litter and water content of litter and soil were determined gravimetrically. All collected animals were sorted to high rank taxonomic groups and identified using traits analysis. Collembola were sorted into morphogroups under a dissecting microscope (Zeiss, Stemi 508) at 50x magnification based on basic morphlogical characters (body shape, morphology of furca, antennae, and number of eyes). A number of individulas of each morphogroup from each sample were subsequently cleared with Nesbitt solution on a heating plate (50⁰C) for 3-10 min. Then, the animals were mounted on slides with Hoyer’s solution (for details see Glime and Wagner, 2017). Collembola were identified to species level using a compound microscope (Axiovert 35, Zeiss, Jena, Germany) at maximum 400× magnification, using the checklist for Indonesian Collembola (Suhardjono et al., 2012) and additional articles containing keys for Collembola of southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia (Potapov and Starostenko, 2002; Potapov, 2012; Mateos and Greenslade, 2015). Along with the identification, each species was described using a set of morphological traits. The same selected set of traits was used for each species across land-use systems for statistical analysis, including: presence/absence of empodial appendage, sucking/chewing mouthpart, presence/absence of post-antennal organ (PAO), presence/absence of scales, elongated/normal abdomen IV, elongated/spherical abdomen, separate/fused abdominal segments, presence/absence of furca, straight/curved and short/long furca, presence/absence of pigmentation, diffuse/patterned and intensive/light pigmentation, normal/modified antennae, small/medium/large body size.