Model outcomes: main analysis assuming that treatment failure rate is twice as high in strategies without routine viral load monitoring (1.1 to 3.5) as in strategies with routine viral load monitoring due to improved adherence.

Please see Table 2 for a detailed description of all monitoring strategies. All costs are given in US$ and cost-effectiveness ratios in US$ per DALY averted.POC-VL, point-of-care viral load; lab-VL, laboratory-based viral load; ART, antiretroviral therapy; DALY, disability-adjusted life-year; CER, cost-effectiveness ratio; ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; l/e, least expensive and least effective strategy; w/d, weakly dominated; s/d, strongly dominated.Model outcomes: main analysis assuming that treatment failure rate is twice as high in strategies without routine viral load monitoring (1.1 to 3.5) as in strategies with routine viral load monitoring due to improved adherence.