Pseudogene Recoding Revealed from Proteomic Analysis of <i>Salmonella</i> Serovars

Recoding refers to the reprogramming of mRNA translation by nonstandard read-out rules. In this study, we used stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) technology to investigate the proteome of host-adapted Salmonella serovars, which are characteristic of accumulation of pseudogenes. Interestingly, a few annotated pseudogenes were indeed able to express peptides downstream of the inactivation site, suggesting the occurrence of recoding. Two mechanisms of recoding, namely, programmed frameshifting and codon redefinition, were both found. We believe that the phenomena of recoding are not rare in bacteria. More studies are required for a better understanding of bacterial translation and the implication of pseudogene recoding in Salmonella serovars.