Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy data for proton-irradiated Martian silicate analogs

This dataset contains terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) measurements of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of proton-irradiated Martian silicate analogs, including plagioclase, olivine, and pyroxene. The data provide frequency-resolved terahertz optical properties that form the basis for analyzing irradiation effects and environmental responses relevant to the Martian near-surface environment. The measurements were designed to investigate proton-irradiation–induced modifications of terahertz optical properties and their subsequent environmental modulations under Mars-relevant conditions. After proton irradiation, the samples were characterized over a frequency range of 0.15–1.50 THz while systematically varying temperature from 143 to 293 K and carbon dioxide pressure from 1 to 20 mbar, covering representative thermal and pressure regimes on present-day Mars. All files in this archive contain the values of the refractive index and absorption coefficient. The irradiation-induced modifications and environmental modulations discussed in the associated manuscript are derived from these raw measurements through comparative analyses across irradiation states, temperatures, and pressures. The data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format and organized by optical parameter, with separate directories for refractive index and absorption coefficient. Each CSV file corresponds to a specific experimental series, including pressure series at fixed temperature, temperature series at fixed pressure, and frequency-resolved spectra at reference temperatures of 223 K and 293 K. This dataset supports the analyses presented in the associated manuscript submitted to JGR: Planets and is intended to facilitate reproducibility and future comparative studies of terahertz remote sensing signatures and space-weathering processes in Martian regolith analog materials.