Code for the Decentralized Model-free Loss Minimization in Distribution Grids with the Use of Inverters

Distribution grids are experiencing a massive penetration of fluctuating distributed energy resources (DERs). As a result, the real-time efficient and secure operation of distribution grids becomes a paramount problem. While installing smart sensors and enhancing communication infrastructure improves grid observability, it is computationally impossible for the distribution system operator (DSO) to optimize setpoints of millions of DER units. This paper proposes communication-free and model-free algorithms that can actively control converter-connected devices, and can operate either as stand-alone or in combination with centralized optimization algorithms. We address the problem of loss minimization in distribution grids, and we analytically prove that our proposed algorithms reduce the total grid losses without any prior information about the network, requiring no communication, and based only on local measurements. Going a step further, we combine our proposed local algorithms with a central optimization of a very limited number of converters. The hybrid approaches we propose have much lower communication and computation requirement than traditional methods, while they also provide performance guarantees in case of communication failure. We demonstrate our algorithms in five networks of varying sizes: a 5-bus network, an IEEE 141-bus system, a real Danish distribution system, a meshed IEEE 30-bus system, and a synthetic 20'022-bus system.

配电网正经历着波动性分布式能源资源（DERs）的大规模渗透。因此，配电网的实时高效与安全运行成为了一个至关重要的课题。尽管安装智能传感器和增强通信基础设施提高了电网的可观测性，但对于配电系统运营商（DSO）而言，在数百万个DER单元中优化设定点在计算上几乎是不可能的。本文提出了一种无需通信和无需模型的算法，能够主动控制与转换器相连的设备，且能够作为独立系统运行，或与集中式优化算法相结合。我们针对配电网中的损耗最小化问题进行研究，并通过理论分析证明了所提出的算法能够在无需关于网络的任何先验信息的情况下，减少总电网损耗，无需通信，仅基于本地测量。更进一步，我们将所提出的本地算法与少数转换器的集中优化相结合。我们提出的混合方法在通信和计算需求方面远低于传统方法，同时在通信失败的情况下也提供了性能保证。我们在五个不同规模的网络上演示了我们的算法：一个5节点网络、一个IEEE 141节点系统、一个真实的丹麦配电网、一个网状IEEE 30节点系统，以及一个合成20'022节点系统。