Table_4_Physiology and transcriptome analysis of the response mechanism of Solidago canadensis to the nitrogen addition environment.xlsx

Solidago canadensis is an invasive plant that can adapt to variable environmental conditions. To explore the molecular mechanism of the response to nitrogen (N) addition conditions in S. canadensis, physiology and transcriptome analysis were performed with samples that cultured by natural and three N level conditions. Comparative analysis detected many differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the function of plant growth and development, photosynthesis, antioxidant, sugar metabolism and secondary metabolism pathways. Most genes encoding proteins involved in plant growth, circadian rhythm and photosynthesis were upregulated. Furthermore, secondary metabolism-related genes were specifically expressed among the different groups; for example, most DEGs related to phenol and flavonoid synthesis were downregulated in the N-level environment. Most DEGs related to diterpenoid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis were upregulated. In addition, many physiological responses, such as antioxidant enzyme activities and chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents, were elevated by the N environment, which was consistent with the gene expression levels in each group. Collectively, our observations indicated that S. canadensis may be promoted by N deposition conditions with the alteration of plant growth, secondary metabolism and physiological accumulation.

北美一枝黄花（Solidago canadensis）是一种能够适应多变环境条件的入侵植物。为探究其在氮（N）添加条件下的分子响应机制，本研究对在自然条件下及三种氮水平条件下培养的样品进行了生理学和转录组分析。比较分析发现，许多差异表达基因（DEGs）在不同表达，涉及植物的生长发育、光合作用、抗氧化、糖代谢及次生代谢途径等功能。大部分参与植物生长、昼夜节律和光合作用的蛋白质编码基因表达上调。此外，次生代谢相关基因在各个组别中均有特异性表达；例如，与酚和黄酮类合成相关的多数DEGs在氮水平环境中表达下调。而与二萜和单萜生物合成相关的多数DEGs表达上调。此外，许多生理反应，如抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素和可溶性糖含量等，在氮环境中均有所提升，这与各组别中的基因表达水平相一致。综合来看，我们的观察结果表明，北美一枝黄花可能因氮沉积条件的改变而促进植物生长、次生代谢和生理积累。