Multipurpose Poverty Survey 1993 - Kyrgyz Republic

Abstract
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The Kyrgyzstan Multipurpose Poverty Survey (KMPS) was designed to be a nationally representative survey capable of measuring the standard of living in the Kyrgyz Republic2 during the second half of 1993.

While the KMPS is based on the LSMS framework, it has some features which distinguish it from the standard LSMS; in particular it collects extensive nutrition data.

The tradition of survey research in countries of the Former Soviet Union is not particularly strong. In the Kyrgyz Republic, the GOSKOMSTAT family budget surveys were not representative of the population in general, and the poor in particular. These surveys tended to focus on persons who work in enterprises and, to a lesser extent, pensioners. The KMPS represents a significant increase in the data available, and is a more suitable tool for monitoring the social and economic changes occurring in the Kyrgyz Republic.

The 1993 KMPS was carried out under the direction of researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Paragon Research International, Inc., and the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The government of the Kyrgyz Republic has established an open access policy in regards to the data collected in the KMPS. The potential uses of this data set are quite broad given the multi-topic nature of the data and the fact that it was carried out at the national level.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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- Households
- Individuals
- Community

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample is designed to be fully representative of all households in the Kyrgyz Republic in the second half of 1993. Stratification was based on information on the population provided in the 1989 Census (since results from the 1994 microcensus were not available at the time of the survey).

According to the 1989 Census, there were about 856,000 families and 4,258,000 individuals living in the Kyrgyz Republic at that time (an average of about five members per family). Though the definition of 'household' used in the KMPS differs from the Census definition of 'family', this figure provided an estimate of the number of households from which the sample was to be drawn. Note that the sampling methodology assumes that any growth in the number of households since 1989 was equally distributed across regions.

A stratified, multi-stage sampling procedure was used, with the number of stages dependent on whether households were being drawn from urban or rural areas. [Note: Formally, the unit of selection was the dwelling, not the household. This is because the survey team only had available a list of dwellings and, in the case of multiple households living within the same dwelling, it was generally not possible to identify the different households prior to drawing the sample. In the cases of multiple households, interviewers were given instructions on how to select one household for interviewing (these instructions are described in sub-section 3.4 below). In a few cases, interviewers had to randomly select one household to interview from the several households residing within the dwelling. However, this was so uncommon that the survey team felt justified in leaving the dwelling out of the stages. Further, when in advance of drawing the sample the survey team was able to identify several households living in a particular dwelling, the households were listed separately before using systematic sampling. Thus, the survey is not unambiguously a sample of dwellings either.]

The formation of strata

The Kyrgyz Republic is divided into 6 oblasts. These oblasts are further divided into 57 raions which fall into two broad categories: 40 county-like territories and 17 relatively large cities or sections of cities which are under the direct jurisdiction of the oblasts rather than the raions in which they are located. A total of 21 strata were formed. These were of two types: self-representing (SR) strata (these consist of raions selected in the sample with certainty), and non-self representing (NSR) strata.

Self-representing strata

A total of 14 SR strata were selected. Twelve of these were cities or sections of cities which are so populous that at least some inhabitants would be expected to fall into any random sample of a given size (these are referred to as the 'urban SR strata').14 The urban SR strata were:
· the four raions of the capital, Bishkek (which is also the administrative center of Chuiskaya Oblast);
· the five other oblast administrative centers (each consisting of one raion): Dzhelal-Abad; Naryn; Talass; Osh; Balykchi;
· three other major cities (each consisting of one raion): Karakol (formerly Przheval'sk); Tokmak, and Kara-Balta.
The other two SR strata were the two raions Suzakskii and Kara-Suiskii which were selected with certainty for reasons outlined below (these are referred to as the two 'mixed urban-rural SR strata').

Non self-representing strata

Forty-five raions remained on the list after the selection of the 12 urban SR strata. Forty of these were territories raions and five were cities under the direct jurisdiction of the oblast in which they were located. The five cities (Uzgen, Tash-Kumyr,
Kyzyl-Kiya, Kara-Kul', and Mali-Sai) were combined with the territories in which they are geographically situated, thus increasing the heterogeneity of those raions. The second group of NSR strata was therefore selected from forty raions (some of which were combined with the five cities mentioned above). The NSR strata were identified on the basis of three characteristics: geographical conditions (mountains, valleys or a mix of the two); type of production (agriculture, industry or a mix of the two); and ethnic composition (Kyrgyz, mostly Kyrgyz and Uzbek; or mostly Kyrgyz and Russian-speaking). Of the 27 possible strata, six were formed:
I. mountains; agriculture and animal husbandry; predominantly Kyrgyz population.
II. mountains; agriculture, animal husbandry and nurseries; predominantly Kyrgyz population.
III. mountains; agriculture-industry, predominantly Kyrgyz and Uzbek population.
IV. valleys; agriculture; predominantly Kyrgyz and Russian-speaking population.
V. valleys and mountains; agriculture, predominantly Kyrgyz and with Uzbek population.
VI. valleys, agriculture-industry, predominantly Kyrgyz and Russian-speaking population.

Based on the 1989 Census, the household populations of strata II and V were about twice large as the household populations of the other strata. To ensure that all strata were proportionally represented, strata II and V were therefore both split into two, resulting in a total of eight strata (henceforth named using arabic numerals so as to distinguish them from the above). The survey team envisioned that stratum 7 would be a NSR stratum. However, as there were only two raions (Suzakskii and Kara-Suiskii) in this stratum, both of which were therefore chosen with certainty. Therefore stratum 7 technically became two separate SR strata (7a and 7b), with each strata containing a single raion (these are referred to as the mixed urban-rural SR strata). Although these raions technically were SR strata, they were treated in the sampling process as if they were NSR strata (for example, in the method that households were selected from them). More details on this are presented below.

The selection of primary sampling units

The nature of the primary sampling units (PSU) differed according to whether they came from SR or NSR strata. In the urban SR strata the PSU were microcensus 'enumeration districts' (ED).15 Based on the 1989 Census, each microcensus ED was expected to contain about 414 individuals (less than 100 households). It was considered appropriate to choose eight to ten households from a given microcensus ED and therefore enough were selected to yield the desired number of urban households from the particular stratum. The districts were chosen with equal probability and no substitution was permitted.

In the seven NSR strata, the PSU were raions. Two were selected from each stratum with probability proportional to size (PPS), as measured by reported households in the 1989 Census. As mentioned above, strata 7a and 7b were treated in the sampling process as NSR strata. In this sense their PSU were the raions themselves.

The selection of secondary sampling units

The selection of secondary sampling units (SSU) differed depending on whether the PSU was drawn from a SR or NSR stratum.

SSU within selected PSU from urban SR strata

The SSU selected from microcensus ED in the 12 urban SR strata were the households (these were also the last stage sampling units for these strata).

SSU within selected PSU from NSR strata

Within the raions selected as PSU from NSR strata (and also the mixed urban-rural SR strata), 'settlements' (or areas where people are living) were classified as gorodskoi (urban) or rural. The number of urban settlements within a raion generally did not exceed two or three.

SSU selected from urban settlements

It should be emphasized that urban settlements were not the SSU; urban settlements were selected, and then the SSU were selected from these settlements. If there was only one urban settlement in a raion, then it was selected. If there was more than one urban settlement, then one was selected using PPS for each 15 urban households required from the raion. There were seven raions selected as PSU from NSR strata that did not contain urban settlements, even though they represented strata in which there were urban settlements (these raions are indicated in Table 6 by the asterisks against the target number of urban households to be sampled). This problem (involving 78 of the 2,100 target households) arose because the number of urban households to be sampled from a particular stratum was calculated taking into account the Census information on household populations in all of the raions within the stratum, not just those that were selected as PSU.

The problem was rectified using substitution. In strata 3, 5, and 6, only one of the two selected raions had urban settlements. Consequently all of the required urban settlements were drawn from that particular raion. For example, in stratum 3 the 7 households which were to be drawn from Ak-Suiskii raion were instead drawn from Naukatskii raion. In stratum 1, both selected raions did not contain urban settlements, the 32 target urban households were drawn from urban settlements in Toktogul'skii raion. In stratum 2, where both selected raions did not contain urban settlements, the 4 target households were drawn from the city Talass, which was already in the sample as a SR stratum.

The SSU selected from urban settlements were microcensus ED. The microcensus ED were selected in the same manner as described in sub-section 3.2 above.

SSU selected from rural settlements

In rural areas, villages were the SSUs. Effort was made to ensure that the ethnic composition of villages was properly represented in the sample. Within each selected PSU, data from the 1989 Census was used to group villages by ethnicity. For example, in stratum 1 (in 1989), 94.5 per cent of villages were Kyrgyz; 3 per cent were Russian; 0.8 per cent were Uzbek; 1.7 per cent were other. The number of households chosen from each group of villages was made proportional to the number of villages of each type in the stratum. The selection of individual villages from the ethnic groupings was random and no more than 18 to 20 households were selected from a given village. Note that quotas were not used, so the exact distribution of households by ethnicity was not guaranteed at this level.

The selection of last stage sampling units (households)

For all strata, the last stage sampling unit was the household19, with the households being drawn randomly from the selected SSUs. Interviewers were given a list of addresses and the names of the person responsible for each dwelling (akin to a lessee). The interviewer was obliged to interview the household of that person at that address. If the person responsible for the apartment did not reside there, but relatives did live there, the interviewer was obliged to interview the related household at the address. If no related household lived there, the interviewer was obliged to interview whatever household did live there. If more than one household occupied the dwelling, and that fact was not registered before selection, the interviewer was obliged to randomly select one household.

According to the 1989 Census, the 12 SR urban strata contained 34.2 per cent of households, and therefore 718 of the 2,100 households were drawn from them. The number of households drawn from each SR urban strata was proportional to its total population of households.

Distribution of households in selfrepresenting strata:
Dzhelal-Abad (DA): 39
Karakol (IK): 38
Balykchi (IK): 26
Osh (OSH): 112
Naryn (N): 20
Talass (T): 19
Tokmak (CHU): 55
Kara-Balta (CHU): 38
Bishkek (CHU)
Leninskii raion: 79
Oktibrskii raion: 100
Pervomaiskii raion: 84
Sverlovskii raion: 108
Total households selected from SR strata: 718

The remaining 1,385 of the target 2,100 households were selected from the NSR strata and also the two mixed urban-rural SR strata. The number of households selected from each of these strata was proportional to the total population of households within the stratum, and is indicated in parentheses beside the stratum title in Table 6. However, the number of households to be surveyed within each stratum was divided equally between the two raions selected as PSUs, even though the population of the raions differed.

Price survey sample procedures

This sub-section provides an outline of the sampling procedures used in price survey. For more details on the sampling procedure, refer to the document titled 'Instructions for the Price Survey'. The price survey was designed to provide a relatively inexpensive method of measuring the prices to which the households in the sample were exposed. It was designed to provide covariates (contextual variables) for the household survey. The sample was not weighted to represent the price of a foodbasket in the Kyrgyz Republic. If there existed more than store within each classification of 'potential' stores (see Form C in the Survey), the reporter was required to select the store at which people would be most likely to shop. This was not determined rigorously; however since the sampling points were normally quite small in area, it was not difficult for the reporter to build an impression. As the sample points in many cases were either quite small or were rural, often there did not exist stores of certain classifications. If in a particular sample point there did not exist a store in a key classification (marked by an asterisk in Form C ), the reporter was obliged to search for such a store within an area one kilometer of the borders of the sample point.

Survey as implemented

As mentioned above, the sample was designed to be fully representative and therefore selfweighting.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The KMPS consists of five components: a household questionnaire; an adult questionnaire; a child questionnaire; a food price and availability survey; and a survey on community and social infrastructure.

HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE

The household questionnaire was administered to the person who best knew the business and concerns of the family, its income and expenditures, and the health of all its members. This respondent may not necessarily have been the head of the household, however the household questionnaire was not to be administered to a child.

Identification data (module A)

This module records the raion and settlement in which the household is situated, a unique household identification number, the date of the interview and its duration, and identifies the interviewer. The unique household identification number, HID, is constructed: HID = AA2´1000+AA3, where AA2 is the settlement identifier and AA3 is a number ranging from 1 to the total number of households sampled from a particular settlement.

Household composition (module B)

This module presents a household roster which is designed to collect basic demographic information on members of the household and establishes the relationship between them. A household was defined to include people who reside in the given living quarters, share income and expenditures, and conduct housekeeping together. In determining who was in a particular household, the exact familial relationship between people was irrelevant. Children under 18, unmarried and living elsewhere as students were considered members of the household. Children 18 years and older who were not living with the family were not considered members of the household (even if such people were materially helped by the household). In the individual questionnaires, information is only collected for household members.

Housing (module C)

This module collects information on the type, construction, size and ownership of the housing unit and how long the family has been residing there. It establishes the presence of amenities such as electricity, centralized heating and water supply, sanitation and telephone. Information is collected on other forms of housing owned by the family. The module also establishes the presence and approximate value of consumer durables such as refrigerators, washing machines, televisions, autos or trucks and carpets, and whether or not any of these items were sold in the last twelve months.

Agriculture and animal husbandry (module D)

This module establishes whether the household had the use of land for farming and animal husbandry, and if so, how much land was available and what was the ownership situation. The module considers three aspects of farming and animal husbandry:
· The home production of crops (including vegetables, fruit, grains and tobacco) over the past 12 months is recorded. There are details on the quantity produced, sold, consumed by the family and given free to relatives and others. There is no information on the value of sales of each item, but the overall value of crop production sold in the past 30 days is recorded.
· Information is recorded on the ownership of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, poultry, rabbits and bee hives. For each type of animal, the module records current numbers owned, changes in numbers over the last 12 months (and reasons for this), sales, and the respondent's estimate of the current market price of the animal.
· Details of the home production of meat, poultry, milk, eggs, honey, wool and pelts over the previous 12 months are provided. There is information on the quantity produced (and what it could currently be sold for), sold, consumed by the family and given free to relatives and others. The overall earnings from sales of animal products in the last 30 days is also recorded.

Expenditures (module E)

This module records household expenditures under four separate reference periods:
· 7 day reference period: Details on the quantity purchased and amount paid for 68 foods are recorded. For important foods (bread, meat, milk, eggs, potatoes and rice) there is a record of the quantity purchased from different sources (state store, cooperative or private store). The amount spent on eating out in the past 7 days is recorded.
· 30 day reference period: This reference period includes information on the amount spent on medicine, fuels, services (eg. public and private transportation, repair work of clothing, furniture and appliances), rental for housing and utilities (cold and hot water, heating and power). There is also data collected on miscellaneous expenses such as tuition fees, other medical treatment (excluding medicine), purchases of financial assets and other financial transactions. The value of either monetary or in-kind gifts to relatives and others is also recorded.
· 3 month reference period: Expenditures on clothing and footwear are recorded.
· 12 month reference period: Expenditures on household appliances, transportation, housing and furnishings are recorded.

Income (module F)

This module records all sources and amounts of income earned by the household over the past 30 days as well as total income earned. Where the income received was in the form of a benefit or in-kind, the household was requested to estimate the monetary value. There is information on the following income sources:
· The total amount of wage income earned by the household and also income from the sale of products from a private land plot or farm were recorded. However there is more detailed information on these income sources in the adult questionnaire and module D of the household questionnaire respectively, so this section is mainly useful for crosschecking purposes.
· Subsidies from employers and local authorities (eg. allowances for vacation, nursery school fees, food, public transport, medical treatment, housing) were recorded. The household was asked whether it received any fuel subsidies, but the value of these was not recorded.4
· Childcare allowances (one-time childbirth benefits, childcare benefits and single mothers' childcare benefit) were recorded and if a household was eligible for such benefits but did not receive them, then the reason for this was established.
· Gifts or charity from persons outside the household (relatives, friends, religious groups, international organizations, other organizations or private individuals) were recorded.
· Income from other sources (pensions, stipends, sickness pay, unemployment benefits, sales of the products of individual labor activity, sales of private belongings, rental property, invested capital, insurance payments, alimony payments and changes in financial assets) were recorded.

Interviewer remarks (module G)

This section records the interviewer's opinions on the success of the interview and likely accuracy of the data collected.

ADULT QUESTIONNAIRE

The adult individual questionnaire was administered personally to every member of the household 14 years and older, preferably privately. Interviewers were not permitted to fill out an adult questionnaire based on answers provided by another member of the household.

Identification data (module H)

This module records the same information provided in module A in the household questionnaire. In addition to basic demographic information, it records the household identification number, HID (=A1H3), and the position of the individual on the household roster, PID (=A1H4).

Migration (module I)
This module records information on:
· the birthplace of the respondent and, if applicable, the place he/she resided before moving to the current area of residence
· residential permits
· ethnicity
· language used at home and by parents
· education of parents

Labor (module J)

This module has information on:
· Primary employment: This section records information on the primary job of the respondent if it involves working in an enterprise, organization, collective or state farm, or cooperative. There are details on the respondent's occupation, primary duties, ownership of place of work, and payment in last 30 days (less deductions). There is also information on hours of work in the last 7 days and whether the respondent worked more or less than usual in the last 7 days (and reasons for which). Job satisfaction and willingness to retrain are also recorded.
· Secondary employment: If the respondent held an additional paid job, this section details the type of enterprise and amount paid in the last 30 days (less deductions).
· Entrepreneurial activity: This section records information on businesses owned (or partowned) by the respondent. For businesses producing goods, it records what is produced and the value of finished goods and expenditures in the past 30 days. For businesses involved in trade operations, it records what was traded, whether goods were bought abroad (and from where), the value of goods sold and bought in the past 30 days and expenditures over the past 30 days. For businesses rendering services it records the type of service rendered and the value of receipts and expenditures over the past 30 days. For all types of business, there is also information on the percentage of the business owned by the respondent, who else owns the business, the value of business assets, the number of employees (both household members and not) and profit received over the past 30 days.
· Other work: This section records income earned from any other work other than what was mentioned in the sections above.
· Current well-being: The respondent is asked for his/her perception about his/her current economic situation and the prospects for the future.
· Education: This section measures the years of 'general secondary education' as well as completion of specialized vocational, secondary, and higher education.
· Pensioners: Pensioners are asked the type and amount of pension received in the last 30 days.
· Unemployed and inactive: This section is aimed at identifying and recording information on those who are either unemployed or who are not in the labor force. It is possible to establish the duration of unemployment as well as how long a respondent has been out of the labor force (and the reason why the respondent is not in the labor force). Discouraged jobseekers (not actively seeking work but would like to work) can be identified. For those actively seeking work, there is information on how the person has sought work, usage of the government employment service, attitude to retraining and receipt of unemployment benefits.
· Summary questions: Module J also provides a summary question on the total income earned in the past 30 days from all sources and the respondent's main occupation at the present.

Health data in the KMPS

There are five modules which collect information on health issues. The nature of the health data collected, and the way it was collected is one way in which the KMPS differs from the usual LSMS. The following five sub-sections briefly summarize the data collected in the health related modules of the adult questionnaire.

Morbidity and use of medical facilities (module L)

The information in this module is provided by the respondent. The respondent was asked to describe any medical problems over the past 30 days and whether medical attention was sought. If the respondent saw a doctor in the last 30 days5 there is information on the type of medical attention (visit to doctor or home visit), and its cost. If the respondent was hospitalized in the past 30 days, there is information on the cost of treatment, including medicine. There is also information on availability of medicine, usage and cost of preventative care, and number of days missed from work or school because of illness.

Self-reported health evaluation (module M)

The information in this module is provided by the respondent. The respondent was asked for his/her height, weight, and perception of health and state of mind, and ability to work and perform daily activities. The respondent was also asked whether he/she had any difficulties performing a number of activities such as walking, running, lifting, eating and dressing. For those respondents with health problems which affected their ability to perform day to day tasks, information was collected on who provided care and help. Information was collected on the existence and treatment of health problems such as diabetes, miocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, and eyesight and hearing problems. Information on the respondent's usage of tea, coffee, tobacco and alcohol was also collected in this module.

Anthropometric measurements (module Q)

The information in this module is gathered by the interviewer. In this module data was collected on the respondents height, weight, hip and waist circumference and also whether he/she had any amputated limbs. If the interviewer did not have any medical training, then the data was collected by trained medical personnel.

Questions for women (module N)

The information in this module is provided by the respondent. Female respondents answered questions about their experience with pregnancy, childbirth, abortion, and birth control.

Nutrition (module P)

The information in this module is provided by the respondent. The respondent was asked to reconstruct from memory what food was consumed in either the preceding 24-hours or during the previous day. The interviewer asked questions to help the respondent remember what was eaten; from the answers of the respondent the interviewer assessed the type, quality and quantity of consumed food. To help evaluate the quantity of food consumed, a 'food album' with pictures of various portions of food products and dishes (in actual size) were used.6 In addition, quantities of foods were in units familiar to the person being questioned (for example, cups, glasses, platefuls and spoonfuls). The food albums could also be shown at the end of the questioning to help the respondent recall food which perhaps he or she had forgotten.

Time use (module O)

This module asked respondents to estimate time spent on different activities (and, if relevant, time spent commuting to them) over the previous seven days (not including the day of the interview). Information was collected on the following activities: working (including work at an enterprise/organization and home, entrepreneurial activity, farming, and individual labor activity); work on the garden at home, dacha or garden plot; studies; shopping for food and non-food items; obtaining household services (laundry, tailor etc.); other home duties including cooking, washing dishes and cleaning; caring for children and other relatives; sleeping and recreational activities.

CHILD QUESTIONNAIRE

The child individual questionnaire was completed for every member of the household under the age of 14 years. The questionnaire was administered to the adult member of the household who was responsible for caring for the child. Modules I, O, Q and R collect information to similar their counterpart modules in the adult questionnaire. Module H collects the same information as the counterpart module in the adult questionnaire, except there is an additional variable (A1H11) which identifies the adult member of the household who answered the questions on behalf of the child.

Child care (module K)

This module has information about the level of education of the child and if the child currently attends school, the cost of fees and textbooks are recorded. If applicable, there is information on the reason(s) why the child does not currently attend school. There is information on whether the child has missed school during the past year because of agricultural work commitments, and if applicable, how much school was missed. The module also has information on whether the child has been cared for by relatives who are not members of the household and, if so, on how many days in the last week did this occur (and the average number of hours per day). Similar questions are asked regarding those children who attended kindergarten, nursery school, or the like.

Morbidity and use of medical facilities (module L)

This module asks the same questions as its counterpart in the adult questionnaire and collects additional information vaccinations received by the child, their cost and, if applicable, reasons for not receiving them.

Health evaluation (module M)

This module asks the respondent the child's height and weight and for an assessment of the child's physical and mental health. Data is collected on the presence and treatment of diabetes and the presence of medical conditions such as head cold, sore throat, diarrhoea or other irregularities in defecation and leukemia. There is also information on the child's consumption of tea and coffee.

Nutrition (module P)

This model evaluates the food consumption of the child using the same techniques used in the nutrition module of the adult questionnaire. For those children attending school or nursery school, interviewers were instructed to additionally question the person(s) with knowledge of the child's food intake at that institution (for example, teacher, day care worker or school cafeteria worker). It should be noted that the KMPS does not contain any information on breast-feeding.

SURVEY OF AVAILABILITY AND PRICES OF FOOD PRODUCTS AND FUEL

This survey contains three sections of information relating to retail outlets selling food products in the 'local area'8 of the households participating in the survey. The local area of the households was determined by the following method:
· housewives from the households participating in the survey were questioned, and from this a preliminary list of retail outlets was constructed.
· from this list of frequented retail outlets, a list of all streets and alleys within walking distance was constructed.
· the observer then walked down these listed streets and alleys and constructed a complete list of all retail outlets.

The survey includes preliminary identification data (from the cover page of the questionnaire) and details the raion, settlement identifier, census enumeration district, date of survey and also the name of the person conducting the survey. The sections contained in the survey are:
· Form A: List of all retail outlets in the neighborhood selling food, drinks and tobacco products. This section has data on up to 20 retail outlets. There is information on location, type, hours of operation, number of employees, type of ownership, and goods sold. There are seven types of sales site: general food stores and specialized food stores selling milk and milk products; bread; meat, fish and poultry; fruits and vegetables; alcohol; tobacco products. There are three ownership classifications: state owned; nonstate, cooperative, commercial etc.; and private owned.
· Form B: List of all retail outlets in the neighborhood selling fuel: This section has data on up to 6 retail outlets. There is information on location, type of ownership (same classifications as above) and type of fuel sold (gasoline, coal, wood, diesel fuel, kerosene).
· Form C: Classification of retail outlets in the neighborhood selling food, drinks and tobacco products. This section provides a table in which each trade site listed in Form A is classified by type of ownership and products sold. The purpose of this form is to help the reporter identify which trade sites are to be used in the compilation of data on product availability and prices (see form E).
· Form D: Classification of retail outlets in the neighborhood selling fuel. This section provides a table in which each trade site listed in Form B is classified by type of ownership and products sold. The purpose of this form is to help the reporter identify which trade sites are to be used in the compilation of data on product availability and prices.
· Form E: Availability and price of food products in different stores in the neighborhood. This section has 14 parts each part covering a different combination of type of sales site and type of ownership. Information is collected on 99 products from general grocery stores; 15 products from milk stores; 15 products from bread stores; 21 products from meat, fish and poultry stores; 26 products from vegetable and fruit stores; 8 products from alcohol stores; and 3 products from tobacco stores. The section contains information on the availability of the different products and the prices of the cheapest and most expensive types or brands of each product. The information is recorded for only one store in each classification. This store was not chosen randomly; reporters were given the freedom to find the most prominent or well-stocked stores in a particular classification.

SURVEY OF COMMUNITY AND SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Basic information on community services, infrastructure and economic structure were collected in this survey. A community, or 'immediate place of residence' is defined as the microcensus enumeration district in urban areas and the settlement (village) in rural areas. The survey includes preliminary identification data and details the raion, settlement identifier, microcensus enumeration district, date of survey and also the name of the person conducting the survey. In addition, there is information enabling the community data to be linked to the household data. The information collected on communities where sampled households live can be grouped as
follows:
· Population and area. For urban communities, information was also gathered on the population and area of the entire urban area (or settlement) where the community is located.
· Rights to use of land for personal and commercial purposes.
· Distance to raion and oblast centers and the nearest big city.
· Existing types of housing and types of housing available for purchase by private individuals.
· Transportation and communication infrastructure. Specifically, data were collected on: roads; telegraph, telephone, television and postal services; newspaper service; public libraries; recreational centers; and public transport.
· Presence of social service facilities such as public health facilities, schools and social welfare offices.
· Restaurants and other public eating places.
· Labor markets and Employment Service Offices. Specifically, data were collected on types of occupations available (with monthly salary), existence of Employment Service Office and whether or not any state enterprises have recently been shut down.
· Presence of services such as: banks, police, fire brigade.
· Existence of social infrastructure such as: sources of water, sanitation, electricity

Cleaning operations
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The local supervisors were required to examine the questionnaires to locate problems which could be remedied in the field. Such problems included missing key demographic information and problem with household and individual identification numbers. All questionnaires were then sent to Bishkek, where they were again checked for identification number problems and then to Moscow, where yet another ID check was performed.

Open-ended questions (eg. occupation and nationality questions) were not immediately coded. Instead, the responses were entered into the data set in text, to be coded at a later date. Codes for all open-ended questions except occupation were made available in mid- February. Occupation codes were made available in June 1994.

Data entry and verification of the household questionnaires was completed by a private data entry firm by January 25. All other data entry was handled in-house using the SPSS data program. The first entry of the 10,000 child and adult questionnaires began on December 20, 1993; the verification pass began on January 20 and was completed by February 2. Entry of the community and price surveys began in late January and was completed in two weeks.

Response rate
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The target household sample size was 2,000. To allow for an estimated non-response rate of about five percent, a sample of 2,100 households was drawn. The actual number of completed household interviews was 1,938, reflecting a non response rate of 7.7 per cent. The response rate for individuals is more difficult to calculate, since some household members (eg.students under 18 studying elsewhere) could not be interviewed.

Data appraisal
---------------------------

There was a fairly short time period for survey design, field work and provision the data.

Data cleaning

After double-entry verification, outlier values were flagged by the cleaning program, and the original questionnaires were examined to determine whether there was a mistake. If there was some basis for changing the values (for example, it was obvious than an answer was recorded in grams rather than kilograms), the value was corrected. However, at the request of the World Bank, outliers were left in the data set (unless there was specific evidence of a mistake). Thus, the researcher is responsible for defining outliers and deciding how to treat them (see sub-section 6.4 below for discussion of outliers in the expenditure data).

Missing value codes

There are three missing value codes provided for each variable. For each variable, the number of digits in the missing value code will be equal to the maximum number of digits of a legitimate response for that question. This ensures that for continuous variables, the missing value code is not confused for a legitimate response. The missing value codes employed for each variable are:
· 'don't know' - the highest possible code ending in '7';
· 'refused' - the highest possible code ending in '8';
· 'missing' - the highest possible code ending in '9'.
For example, for all variables occupying fields of two columns, the three missing variable codes are 97, 98 and 99 respectively. For all variables occupying fields of five columns, the three missing value codes are 99997, 999998 and 99999 respectively. [Note that there was some difficulty in the data entry of long missing value codes. For example, in an eight-digit variable, a data-entry operator may have omitted one nine in the missing value code and entered the incorrect seven digit "don't know" code 9999997 instead of the proper eight-digit code, 99999997. Such a mistake could seriously affect data analysis since a seven-digit code would not be treated as a missing value if it was assumed that the code had eight digits, not seven. Another potential problem with the coding of missing values is the situation where missing value codes of differing lengths were entered for the same variable . An example of this is the variable measuring interview duration (hours) for the adult questionnaire, A1H8_1. There are 78 cases of a '9' being entered for this variable, and yet there are also two cases where a '99' has been entered. Normally, such mistakes were caught in the process of double-entry verification, however the researcher should be aware of these potential problems.]

It should be noted that the missing value code which ends in '9' was not printed in the questionnaires since it was used only in those situations when a codeable response was absent because of interviewer error. That is, a missing value code which ends in '9' is to be distinguished from a legitimate skip which occurred when, based on a previous response of the respondent, a particular question was not asked of the respondent. For example, when a
household states it did not purchase a particular food, the expenditure and quantity questions are skipped. A legitimate skip was coded as a '.'.

Specific data issues

This sub-section provides specific details relevant to using the data in the KMPS. To this date, the majority of the research using the KMPS has focused on the individual and household questionnaires and consequently, there is no specific information on the adequacy of the data in the survey of availability and prices of food products and fuel and the survey of community and social infrastructure

Children's nutrition and health data

Users should be aware of two aspects of the data relevant to assessing the nutrition and health status of children in the Kyrgyz Republic. First, the age of young children is reported only to the nearest year, rather than the nearest month. Hence, it is not possible to use the anthropometric data to compute height or weight for age according to international norms. Second, there is no information on breast-feeding.

Seasonality of the data

As the interviews were conducted just after the major harvest time, the production figures for agricultural and animal husbandry will be higher than at other times during the year. Also, the estimates of expenditure on heating will similarly be lower because of seasonal factors.

Non-response of individuals

An individual questionnaire was not completed for every household member, with the overall non-response rate for individuals being 5 percent. The non-response rate varied substantially between regions, with Narunskaya oblast having the highest non-response rate of 14.6 percent and Talasskaya oblast having a non-response rate of only 0.4 percent.

Labor data

A problem with the adult questionnaire is that there is no question asking for hours worked at additional job (although question A1J33 records earnings at additional job). This may not be an important omission as, according to question A1J29, only 2.1 per cent of those working in an enterprise, collective farm or state farm (A1J1=1) are working such additional paid jobs. Another aspect of the labor data that should be taken into account by researchers is the fact that question A1J100 asks unemployed or inactive individuals whether they have tried to find work in the last 30 days. Since the standard definition of unemployment (used by, for example, the ILO) includes people looking for work in the last seven days, the above use of a 30 day reference period may lead to overestimation of the unemployed and underestimation of the inactive compared with this standard method.

Warning on the use of missing value codes

The following problems with missing value codes in the household questionnaire have been identified:
· for variable AC20, the missing value codes are 999997, 999998, and 999999, but there are valid answers higher than 1,000,000.
· for variable AC41, 95 and 96 are also missing value codes.
· for variable AD141_2E the missing value codes are 99997, 99998, and 99999 even though for all other variables in that section the missing value codes are 999997, 999998, and 999999.
· for variable A1J41, 999996 is also a missing value code.
· for the household with HID=51014 the missing value code for AF14_2B is 999997.02.

摘要
---------------------------
吉尔吉斯斯坦多功能贫困调查（KMPS）旨在成为一项具有全国代表性的调查，能够衡量1993年下半年吉尔吉斯共和国的生活水平。尽管KMPS基于LSMS框架，但它具有一些独特特征，特别是它收集了广泛的营养数据。前苏联国家在调查研究方面的传统并不特别强。在吉尔吉斯共和国，GOSKOMSTAT家庭预算调查并不能代表一般人口，尤其是贫困人口。这些调查往往集中在企业工作者身上，在较小程度上也关注养老金领取者。KMPS的数据量显著增加，成为监测吉尔吉斯共和国社会和经济变化的更合适的工具。
地理覆盖范围
---------------------------
全国覆盖
分析单元
---------------------------
- 家庭
- 个人
- 社区
数据类型
---------------------------
样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
---------------------------
样本旨在全面代表1993年下半年吉尔吉斯共和国的所有家庭。分层基于1989年人口普查中提供的人口信息（因为当时尚未获得1994年微观人口普查的结果）。
根据1989年人口普查，当时在吉尔吉斯共和国约有856,000个家庭和4,258,000个个人居住（平均每个家庭约五人）。尽管KMPS中使用的“家庭”定义与人口普查中“家庭”的定义不同，但这一数字提供了估计从哪些家庭中抽取样本的数量的依据。请注意，抽样方法假设自1989年以来家庭数量的增长在各个地区是均衡分布的。
抽样程序的构成
吉尔吉斯共和国分为6个州。这些州进一步分为57个区，分为两大类：40个类似县的领土和17个相对较大的城市或城市的一部分，这些城市或城市的一部分直接隶属于州而不是它们所在的区。共形成了21个分层。这些分层有两种类型：自我代表（SR）分层（这些分层包括在样本中确定选择的区），和非自我代表（NSR）分层。
自我代表分层
共选择了14个SR分层。其中12个是人口众多、至少一部分居民可能属于任何给定规模的随机样本的城市或城市的一部分（这些被称为“城市SR分层”）。城市SR分层包括：首府比什凯克的四个区（也是楚伊斯基州的行政中心）；其他五个州行政中心（每个由一个区组成）：杰拉勒-阿巴德；纳伦；塔拉斯；奥什；巴利克奇；三个其他主要城市（每个由一个区组成）：卡拉科尔（原名普热瓦尔斯克）；托克马克，卡拉-巴尔特。
非自我代表分层
在选择了12个城市SR分层之后，名单上还剩下45个区。其中40个是领土区，5个是直接隶属于所在州的城镇。这五个城镇（乌宗、塔什-库米尔、吉兹尔基亚、卡拉-库尔和马里-萨伊）与它们所在的领土合并，从而增加了这些区的异质性。因此，第二组NSR分层是从40个区（其中一些与上述五个城镇合并）中选择的。NSR分层是根据三个特征识别的：地理条件（山脉、山谷或两者的混合）；生产类型（农业、工业或两者的混合）；以及民族构成（吉尔吉斯人，主要是吉尔吉斯人和乌兹别克人；或主要是吉尔吉斯人和说俄语的人）。在27个可能的分层中，形成了六个分层：
I. 山脉；农业和畜牧业；主要是吉尔吉斯人。
II. 山脉；农业、畜牧业和苗圃；主要是吉尔吉斯人。
III. 山脉；农业-工业，主要是吉尔吉斯人和乌兹别克人。
IV. 山谷；农业；主要是吉尔吉斯人和说俄语的人。
V. 山谷和山脉；农业，主要是吉尔吉斯人和乌兹别克人。
VI. 山谷、农业-工业，主要是吉尔吉斯人和说俄语的人。
基于1989年人口普查，分层II和V的家庭人口数量约为其他分层的两倍。为确保所有分层都按比例代表，分层II和V因此都分为两个，从而总共形成了八个分层（以下使用阿拉伯数字命名，以便与上述分层区分）。调查团队设想分层7将是一个NSR分层。然而，由于该分层中只有两个区（苏扎克斯基和卡拉-苏伊斯基），因此两个区都确定性地选择了。因此，分层7在技术上变成了两个独立的SR分层（7a和7b），每个分层包含一个区（这些被称为混合城乡SR分层）。尽管这些区在技术上属于SR分层，但在抽样过程中，它们被当作NSR分层处理（例如，在从它们中选择家庭的方法上）。下面将提供更多细节。
一级抽样单元的选择
一级抽样单元（PSU）的性质根据它们来自SR或NSR分层而有所不同。在城市SR分层中，PSU是微观人口普查的“普查区”（ED）。根据1989年人口普查，每个微观人口普查ED预计将包含约414人（不到100户家庭）。被认为从给定的微观人口普查ED中选择八到十户家庭是合适的，因此选择了足够的家庭，以从特定的分层中获得所需的城镇家庭数量。这些区是按等概率选择的，不允许替换。
在七个NSR分层中，PSU是区。从每个分层中随机选择了两个，选择概率与1989年人口普查中报告的家庭数量成比例（PPS）。如上所述，分层7a和7b在抽样过程中被视为NSR分层。在这种情况下，它们的PSU是区本身。
二级抽样单元的选择
二级抽样单元（SSU）的选择取决于PSU是否来自SR或NSR分层。
来自城市SR分层中选定PSU的SSU
在12个城市SR分层中，从微观人口普查ED中选定的SSU是家庭（这些也是这些分层的最后一级抽样单元）。
来自NSR分层的SSU
在作为PSU选定的NSR分层（以及混合城乡SR分层）的区中，‘定居点’（或人们居住的地区）被分类为gorodskoi（城市）或农村。一个区内的城市定居点数量通常不超过两个或三个。
来自城市定居点的SSU
应强调的是，城市定居点不是SSU；城市定居点被选中，然后从这些定居点中选择了SSU。如果一个区内只有一个城市定居点，那么它就被选中。如果有多个城市定居点，那么使用PPS从每个区需要的15个城镇家庭中选择一个。有七个作为PSU选定的NSR分层没有城市定居点，尽管它们代表了有城市定居点的分层（这些区在表6中以星号对目标抽样家庭数量进行标记）。这个问题（涉及2100个目标家庭中的78个）是由于在计算特定分层中需要抽样的城镇家庭数量时，考虑了该分层内所有区的家庭人口普查信息，而不仅仅是那些被选为PSU的区。
这个问题通过替换得到了纠正。在分层3、5和6中，只有两个选定的区有城市定居点。因此，所有需要的城市定居点都从该特定区中抽取。例如，在分层3中，从阿克-苏伊斯基区抽取的7个家庭被从纳乌卡茨基区抽取。在分层1中，两个选定的区都没有城市定居点，32个目标城镇家庭是从托克图尔斯基区的城市定居点中抽取的。在分层2中，两个选定的区都没有城市定居点，4个目标家庭是从城市塔拉斯抽取的，该城市已经作为SR分层进入样本。
来自城市定居点的SSU是微观人口普查ED。微观人口普查ED的选择方式与上述3.2节中描述的方式相同。
来自农村定居点的SSU
在农村地区，村庄是SSU。努力确保样本中正确地代表了村庄的民族构成。在每个选定的PSU中，使用1989年人口普查的数据将村庄按民族分组。例如，在分层1（1989年），94.5%的村庄是吉尔吉斯人；3%是俄罗斯人；0.8%是乌兹别克人；1.7%是其他人。从每个村庄群体中选择的家庭的数量与该分层中每种类型的村庄的数量成比例。从民族群体中选定个别村庄是随机的，并且从每个村庄中最多选择18到20个家庭。请注意，没有使用配额，因此无法保证按民族分组的家庭的确切分布。
最后一级抽样单元（家庭）的选择
对于所有分层，最后一级抽样单元是家庭，家庭是从选定的SSU中随机抽取的。调查员获得一份地址列表和负责每个住宅（类似于承租人）的人的名字。调查员必须采访该地址上该人的家庭。如果负责公寓的人不住在那里，但亲戚住在那里，调查员必须采访该地址上的相关家庭。如果没有相关家庭住在那里，调查员必须采访那里居住的任何家庭。如果住宅中有多个家庭居住，并且在选择之前没有登记这一事实，调查员必须从住宅中居住的多个家庭中随机选择一个。
根据1989年人口普查，12个SR城市分层包含了34.2%的家庭，因此从这些分层中抽取了718个家庭。从每个SR城市分层中抽取的家庭数量与该分层总家庭人口成比例。
自我代表分层的家庭分布：
杰拉勒-阿巴德（DA）：39
卡拉科尔（IK）：38
巴利克奇（IK）：26
奥什（OSH）：112
纳伦（N）：20
塔拉斯（T）：19
托克马克（CHU）：55
卡拉-巴尔特（CHU）：38
比什凯克（CHU）
列宁斯基区：79
十月区：100
第一区：84
斯维尔德洛夫斯基区：108
从SR分层中选出的总家庭数：718
剩余的1385个目标家庭是从NSR分层以及两个混合城乡SR分层中选出的。从每个这些分层中选出的家庭数量与该分层内总家庭人口成比例，并在表6中的分层标题旁边用括号标出。然而，每个分层内需要调查的家庭数量在两个选定的PSU之间平均分配，尽管这些区的居民数量不同。
价格调查样本程序
本节概述了价格调查中使用的抽样程序。有关抽样程序的更多详细信息，请参阅题为“价格调查指南”的文件。价格调查旨在提供一种相对便宜的方法来衡量样本家庭接触到的价格。它旨在为家庭调查提供协变量（背景变量）。样本未加权以代表吉尔吉斯共和国食品篮子的价格。如果每个分类的“潜在”商店中存在多个商店（请参阅调查表C），则报告员必须选择人们最有可能购物的商店。这并不严格确定；然而，由于样本点通常面积很小，因此报告员并不难建立印象。由于许多样本点要么面积很小，要么是农村的，通常不存在某些分类的商店。如果在特定的样本点中不存在关键分类的商店（在表C中用星号标记），则报告员必须在该样本点边界一公里范围内寻找此类商店。
实施的调查
如上所述，样本旨在全面代表，因此自我加权。
数据收集方式
---------------------------
面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
---------------------------
KMPS由五个部分组成：家庭问卷；成人问卷；儿童问卷；食品价格和可用性调查；以及社区和社会基础设施调查。
家庭问卷
家庭问卷由最了解家庭业务和关注、收入和支出以及所有家庭成员健康状况的人填写。这个受访者可能不是户主，但是家庭问卷不应由儿童填写。
识别数据（模块A）
此模块记录了家庭所在的区和定居点，唯一的家庭识别号，访谈日期和持续时间，并识别调查员。唯一的家庭识别号（HID）由以下方式构建：HID = AA2´1000+AA3，其中AA2是定居点标识符，AA3是从特定定居点中抽取的样本家庭总数的一个介于1和之间的数字。
家庭构成（模块B）
此模块提供了一个家庭花名册，旨在收集关于家庭成员的基本人口信息，并确定他们之间的关系。家庭被定义为包括居住在特定生活区、共享收入和支出以及共同管理家务的人。在确定谁属于特定家庭时，人们之间确切的亲属关系是无关紧要的。18岁以下的未成年人、未婚并在其他地方作为学生居住的人被视为家庭成员。18岁及以上且不住与家庭的人不算作家庭成员（即使这些人从家庭那里得到物质帮助）。在个人问卷中，只收集家庭成员的信息。
住房（模块C）
此模块收集有关住房类型、结构、大小和所有权以及家庭居住时间的信息。它确定了是否存在诸如电力、集中供暖和供水、卫生和电话等设施。还收集有关家庭拥有的其他住房形式的信息。该模块还确定了是否存在和近似价值为消费品的耐用消费品，例如冰箱、洗衣机、电视、汽车或卡车和地毯，以及在过去12个月内是否出售了这些物品。
农业和畜牧业（模块D）
此模块确定家庭是否使用土地进行农业和畜牧业，如果是，则有多少土地可用以及所有权状况。该模块考虑了农业和畜牧业的三个方面：
· 记录过去12个月农作物（包括蔬菜、水果、谷物和烟草）的产量。有关于产量、销售、家庭消费和免费提供给亲戚和其他人的详细信息。没有关于每项商品销售价值的信息，但记录了过去30天内农作物生产的总销售价值。
· 记录有关牛、猪、羊、山羊、马、家禽、兔子和蜂箱的所有权信息。对于每种类型的动物，该模块记录了当前拥有的数量、过去12个月数量的变化（以及变化的原因）、销售和受访者对动物当前市场价格的估计。
· 提供过去12个月家产肉类、家禽、牛奶、鸡蛋、蜂蜜、羊毛和毛皮的详细信息。有关于产量（以及目前可以出售的价格）、销售、家庭消费和免费提供给亲戚和其他人的详细信息。过去30天内销售动物产品的总收入也记录在案。
支出（模块E）
此模块记录了在四个不同的参考期间的家庭支出：
· 7天参考期：记录了购买和支付的68种食品的数量和金额。对于重要的食品（面包、肉类、牛奶、鸡蛋、土豆和米），记录了从不同来源（国营商店、合作社或私营商店）购买的量。记录过去7天内外出就餐的金额。
· 30天参考期：此参考期包括有关药品、燃料、服务（例如公共和私人交通、服装、家具和电器维修）、住房租金和公用事业（冷水、热水、供暖和电力）的支出。还收集了有关杂项支出（例如学费、其他医疗治疗（不包括药品）、金融资产购买和其他金融交易的信息。记录了向亲戚和其他人提供的货币或实物礼物（包括价值）。
· 3个月参考期：记录服装和鞋类的支出。
· 12个月参考期：记录家庭电器、交通、住房和装饰的支出。
收入（模块F）
此模块记录了家庭在过去30天内赚取的所有收入来源和金额以及总收入。如果收到的收入是福利或实物，家庭被要求估计其货币价值。有关于以下收入来源的信息：
· 记录家庭赚取的总工资收入以及从私人土地地块或农场销售产品的收入。然而，有关这些收入来源的更详细信息可以在成人问卷和家庭问卷模块D中找到，因此本部分主要用于交叉核对。
· 记录来自雇主和当地当局的补贴（例如休假津贴、幼儿园费用、食品、公共交通、医疗保健、住房）。
· 记录儿童抚养津贴（一次性生育津贴、儿童抚养津贴和单身母亲抚养津贴）。
· 记录来自家庭外的人（亲戚、朋友、宗教团体、国际组织、其他组织或私人个人）的礼物或慈善。
· 记录来自其他来源的收入（养老金、奖学金、病假、失业救济金、个人劳动活动产品销售、私人财产销售、房地产租赁、投资资本、保险赔偿、赡养费支付和金融资产变动）。
调查员备注（模块G）
本节记录调查员对访谈成功和收集数据的可能准确性的看法。
成人问卷
成人个人问卷由调查员亲自向14岁及以上的每位家庭成员私下进行。调查员不允许根据其他家庭成员提供的答案填写成人问卷。
识别数据（模块H）
此模块记录与家庭问卷中模块A相同的信息。除了基本人口信息外，它还记录了家庭识别号（HID= A1H3）和个体在家庭花名册上的位置（PID=A1H4）。
迁移（模块I）
此模块记录以下信息：
· 受访者的出生地，以及适用的情况下，他/她搬到当前居住地之前居住的地方
· 居住许可
· 民族
· 家庭中使用和父母使用的语言
· 父母的教育
劳动（模块J）
此模块有关于以下内容的信息：
· 主要就业：本节记录了受访者如果涉及在企业、组织、集体或国营农场或合作社工作，则其主要工作信息。有关于受访者的职业、主要职责、工作场所的所有权以及过去30天（扣除扣款）的支付情况。还有关于过去7天的工作小时数和受访者过去7天是否比平常工作更多或更少（以及原因）的信息。还记录了工作满意度、是否愿意再培训。
· 次要就业：如果受访者有另外一份有偿工作，本节详细说明了企业类型和过去30天（扣除扣款）的支付金额。
· 企业活动：本节记录了受访者拥有（或共同拥有）的企业信息。对于生产商品的企业，它记录了生产的产品和过去30天的成品价值以及支出。对于涉及贸易操作的企业，它记录了交易的商品、是否从国外购买（以及从哪里购买）、过去30天内销售和购买的商品的价值以及过去30天的支出。对于提供服务的企业，它记录了提供的服务类型和过去30天的收入和支出。对于所有类型的企业，还有关于受访者拥有企业百分比、其他拥有企业的人、企业资产价值、雇员数量（包括家庭成员和非家庭成员）以及过去30天收到的利润的信息。
· 其他工作：本节记录了除上述部分外通过任何其他工作获得的收入。
· 当前福祉：受访者被问及他对/她当前经济状况和未来前景的看法。
· 教育：本节衡量“普通中等教育”年限以及完成专业职业教育、中等教育和高等教育的完成情况。
· 养老金领取者：养老金领取者被问及过去30天内领取的养老金类型和金额。
· 失业和未就业：本节旨在识别和记录那些失业或不在劳动力中的人的信息。可以确定失业的持续时间以及受访者不在劳动力中（以及原因）。可以识别那些虽然不积极寻找工作但希望工作的人（即沮丧的求职者）。对于那些积极寻找工作的人，有关于他们如何寻找工作、使用政府就业服务、对再培训的态度以及是否领取失业救济金的信息。
· 摘要问题：模块J还提供了一个总结问题，询问过去30天内从所有来源获得的总收入和受访者的主要职业。