Characterization of Plant Viruses in Solonaceae crops in Kosovo

This study presents the first thorough detection of plant viruses impacting potato, tomato, and pepper varieties in Kosovo. During the summer of 2023, 30 samples from fields showing virus-like symptoms in various regions were collected. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was utilized for virus identification, uncovering six different viruses: cucumber mosaic virus (RNA1, RNA2, RNA3), broad bean wilt virus 2 (RNA1, RNA2), potato virus Y (PVY), pepper cryptic virus 2 (RNA1, RNA2), bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV), and ranunculus white mottle virus (RNA1, RNA2, RNA3, RNA4). Notably, BBWV2, PCV2, and BPEV were detected for the first time in the Balkan region. These results were corroborated by RT-PCR assays. This study provides important insights into the viral pathogens affecting vital crops in Kosovo and underscores the necessity for further monitoring and management of plant viruses in the region. Phylogenetic analyses of pepper viruses in Kosovo reveal infections with six distinct viruses, likely persisting in alternative host species acting as reservoirs. Virus spread is facilitated by insect vectors, highlighting the need for effective vector management. This study emphasizes integrated plant protection strategies to address viral infections in changing agricultural systems.