TABLE 2 in Molecular phylogenetic studies on Asparagus (Asparagaceae) revealed the position of the highly endangered Irano-Turkish halophytic species A. lycaonicus P. H. Davis related to A. officinalis L.

TABLE 2. List of Asparagus and outgroup species studied in this paper and their GenBank accession numbers. N: Norup et la. 2015; newly generaed sequences in this paper are marked by an asterisk. SpeciesChorotypeOrigin and/or voucherDNA No. or ReferencePlastid MarkersNuclear Markertrn H- psb Atrn D- trn TPHYCA aphyllus subsp. orientalis (Baker) P.H.DavisE-MediterraneanG. J. Petersen 06–11 (C)NJX574256JX574471 1JX574051A. acutifolius L.Mediterranean? A. Marrero s.n.NJX574271JX574486JX574062Referencetrn H- psb Atrn D- trn TPHYCA. albus L.Mediterranean area? A Marrero s.n. (LPA 1040)NJX574276JX574491JX574066A. altissimus MunbyNW Africa? A. Marrero s.n.NJX574267JX574482JX574059A. arborescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult.f.Endemic of CanariesSPAIN. Canaries:Acevedo & Siverio (LPA 1714)NJX574273JX574488JX574063A. asparagoides (L.) DruceS & E Africa? S. Burrows 7762NJX574239JX574454JX574034A. aspergillus JessopS & E Africa? Norup 148NJX574277JX574492JX574067A. cf. azerbaijanensis Hamdi & AssadiIrano-TuranianIRAN. Zanjan: ca 50 km from Zanjan towards Mianeh, undulating slopes on deep marl-gypsum soils. 1276m, 37°1’16”N, 48°00’48”E, 2 Septemeber 2000; H. Akhani and Salimian 14212Asp.14-PP472372*PP472352*A. breslerianus Schult. & Schult.f.Irano-TuranianIRAN. Khorassan: south part of Golestan National Park, salty and gypsum soils North of Cheshmeh khan.1201m, 37°17’51”N, 56°7 8”E, 2 May 2003; H. Akhani 16648Asp.26PP472401*PP472365*PP472362*A. breslerianus Schultes & Schultes f.Irano-TuranianIRAN. Golestan/Khorassan: South boarder of Golestan National Park, near Cheshmeh-khan. 37°18’6”N, 56°6’49”E, 1251m, 4 June 2008; H. Akhani 19363Asp.21PP472396*-PP472357*A. breslerianus Schultes & Schultes f.Irano-TuranianIRAN. Ostan-e Markazi (Arak): ca. 30 km to Arak, ruderal lands near Kheirabad, 1750m, 22 May 2001; H. Akhani 15082ASP27-PP472364*PP472363*A. aff. breslerianus Schult. & Schult.f.Irano-TuranianIRAN. Zanjan: ca 50 km from Zanjan towards Mianeh, undulating marl-gypsum slopes, 1276m, 37°1’16”N, 48°00’48”E, 2 September 2000; H. Akhani & Salimian 14213Asp.16PP472390*-PP472351*A. cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr.E-AsiaticUnknown; No voucherNJX574259JX574474JX574053A. flagellaris (Kunth) BakerCentral AfricanS. Demissew s.n. (ETH)NJX574253JX574468JX574048A. griffithii BakerIrano-TuranianIRAN. Semnan: SW Touran Protected Area, after Razeh toward Sahl, seasonal river margin, 35°35’35”N, 55°20’3”E, 2 March 2003; H. Akhani 16562Asp.2PP472380*-PP472341*A. griffithii BakerIrano-TuranianIRAN. Tehran: ca 40km west of Tehran, W Mardabad, along Rude-Shur, 35°42’23”N, 50°44’23”E,1153m, 25 May 2009; H. Akhani 19759Asp.10PP472386*PP472375*PP472347*A. griffithii BakerIrano-TuranianIRAN. Golestan: Southern border of Golestan National Park, valley of Qez-Qalhe-e Dasht, steep rocky N-facing slopes, open Juniperus polycarpos woodland, 37°17’50”N, 55°55’24”E, 1260–1280 m, 4 June 2000.; H. Akhani 14081Asp.18PP472393*-PP472354*Referencetrn H- psb Atrn D- trn TPHYCA. griffithii BakerIrano-TuranianIRAN. Esfahan: Varzaneh, Zayand-e-Rud river side dominated by Tamarix, 32°25’32”N, 52°39’5”E, 1493m, 16 September 2001; H. Akhani & Ghobadnezhad 15663Asp.19PP472394*PP472370*PP472355*A. horridus L. (under A. stipularis Forssk.)Mediterranean/ Saharo-SindianA Marrero s.n. (LPA 1038)NJX574258JX574473JX574052A. kiusianus MakinoEndemic to JapanJAPAN. Fukuoka, Munakata; Watanabe 93NJX574260JX574475JX574054A. lycaonicus P.H DavisIrano-TuranianIRAN.Arak: SE of Kavir-e-Meyghan, near the margin of Arak salt lake, 25 September1986; H. Akhani 1124Asp.23PP472398*PP472368*PP472359*A. lycaonicus P.H DavisIrano-TuranianTURKEY. Konya: Cihanbeyli, around Bolluk Lake,960–970m, 38°33.35’N, 32°56.929’E, 5 May 2002; H. Duman 8699Asp.24PP472399*PP472367*PP472360*A. maritimus (L.) Mill.Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianCultivated in Tohoku University; Fukuda 41402NJX574261JX574476JX574055A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianIRAN. Khuzestan: W Shush, along Karkheh river, 32°11’N, 48°12’.1200m, 1 April 2001; H. Akhani 14875Asp.13PP472389*-PP472350*A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianIRAN. West Azarbaijan: ca 28km south of Boralan towards Bazargan, 5km NW Grik, Doman, at the Turkish border, vulcanic rocks east of Ararat Mountain, 39°34’58”N, 44°27’20”E, 1508m, 5 June 2011; H. Akhani et al. 22805Asp. 20PP472395*-PP472356*A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianTURKEY. Aksaray: SW of Tuz Golu Lake, 18km NW of Eskil towards Golyazi, dry subsaline soils. 38°24’52”N, 33°17’28”E, 958m, 28 August 2004; H. Akhani et al. 18006Asp.22PP472397PP472369PP472358A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianGERMANY. Thüringen: ca. 17 km WSW Mühlhausen, road between Treffurt and Adolfsburg, 10°13’N, 51°8’E, 400–500 m, 25 June 1996; H. Akhani 12697Asp.25PP472400*PP472366*PP472361*A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianUnknown (G Petersen O Seberg C471)NJX574262JX574477JX574056A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianTURKEY. Ankara: 28km N of Sereflikochisar towards Ankara, N of Tzu Golu Lake, saline soils around Mogan Gol Lake. 39°8’50”N, 33°19’4”E. 895m, 27 August 2004; H. Akhani 17926Asp.11PP472387*PP472374*PP472348*A. officinalis L.Irano-Turanian/ Mediterranean/ Euro-SiberianTURKEY. Aksaray: 10km E of Eskil towards southern saline shores of Tüz Golu Lake, high salty soils, 38°25’5”N, 33°29’52”E. 914m, 28 August 2004; H. Akhani 18000Asp.9PP472385*PP472376*PP472346*A. persicus BakerIrano-TuranianIRAN. Mazandaran: Haraz road 54km S Amol towards Tehran, 36°4’50”N, 52°15’9”E. 18 April 2000; H. Akhani 13857Asp.7PP472384*PP472377*PP472345*Referencetrn H- psb Atrn D- trn TPHYCA. petersianus KunthEndemic of Mozambique, TanzaniaMOZAMBİQUE. 15 km S. of Inhaminga on road to Muanza; Burrows 8852 (BRNH)NJX574254JX574469JX574049A. racemosus Willd.Tropical Africa, Asia to N. AustraliaUnknown (Sebsebe s.n.)NJX574317JX574106A. schoberioides KunthE-AsiaticJAPAN. Shimane, Yatsuka, Shimane; voucher Miki s.n.NJX574265JX574480JX574057A. setaceus (Kunth) JessopS & E AfricaUnknown (M.V. Norup 101) (C)NJX574438JX574647JX574221A. umbellatus Link subsp. umbellatusEndemic of CanariesCanaries: Scholz s.n. (LPA 1731)NJX574274JX574489JX574064A. verticillatus L.Euxino-HyrcanianIRAN. Golestan: NW parts of Golestan National Park, mixed of grassland and shrubs, 37°30’22”N, 55°51’29”E, 1342m, 23 June 2003; H. Akhani 16885Asp.3PP472381*PP472379*PP472342*A. verticillatus L.Euxino-HyrcanianIRAN. Golestan: Central part of Golestan National Park, near Tangegol, 37°22’12”N, 55°56’7”E, 720m, 18 May 2003; H. Akhani 16744Asp.4PP472382*PP472378*PP472343*A. verticillatus L.Euxino-HyrcanianIRAN. Golestan: Southern part of Golestan National Park, Yelagh plain, 37°19’42”N, 55°57’48”E, 1464m, 13. July 2003; H. Akhani 17080Asp.6PP472383*-PP472344*A. verticillatus L.Euxino-HyrcanianIRAN.Mazandaran: ca. 8 km S Kojur, open scrub, 36°27’9”N, 51°43’57”E, 1200m, 12 September 1999; H. Akhani 13753Asp.12PP472388*PP472373*PP472349*A. verticillatus L.Euxino-HyrcanianIRAN. Mazandaran: Ramsar,mineral warm water of Ramsar Persian Hotels, around road of martyr brother Senobarlimakeshi, 8 August 2006; A. Ghorbanalizadeh 79Asp.17PP472392*PP472371*PP472353*Hemiphylacus alatostylus L.Hern.NE MexicoK.H. HertweckN--JX574660Hemiphylacus latifolius L.Hern.NE MexicoCHILE. San Luis Potosi; Chase 668 (K)N-JX574654- ......continued to the next page ......continued to the next page ......continued to the next page