RETRACTED ARTICLE: Co-infection of turkeys with Escherichia coli (O78) and H6N1 avian influenza virus

We, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Avian Pathology, have retracted the following article: Sajid Umar, Maxence Delverdier, Mattias Delpont, Sakhia F.Z. Belkasmi, Angélique Teillaud, Céline Bleuart, Isabelle Pardo, Mohammed EL Houadfi, Jean-Luc Guérin & Mariette F. Ducatez ‘Co-infection of turkeys with Escherichia coli (O78) and H6N1 avian influenza virus’ (47:3, 2018) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03079457.2018.1449942The above article has been retracted as, subsequent to publication, significant duplication has been found in content with the following unreferenced earlier published works: Qamar-un-Nisa, Muhammad Younus, Muti-ur-Rehman, Azhar Maqbool and Sajid Umar. 2017. Pathological Alterations during Co-Infection of Newcastle Disease Virus with Escherichia coli in Broiler Chicken. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(2), pp 401–797, DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.495.503Shahid Jaleel, Muhammad Younus, Asif Idrees, Muhammad Arshad, Aman Ullah Khan, Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque, Muhammad Irfan Zaheer, Muhammad Tanweer, Farhan Towakal, Munibullah, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Muhammad Luqman Sohail and Sajid Umar. 2017. Pathological alterations in respiratory system during co-infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (H9N2) and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. Journal of Veterinary Research, 61(3), pp 253–258, DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0035D. E. Swayne, M. D. Ficken &J ames S. Guy. 1992. Immunohistochemical demonstration of influenza A nucleoprotein in lungs of turkeys with natural and experimental influenza respiratory disease. Avian Pathology. 21(4), pp 547–557, DOI: 10.1080/03079459208418876We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions. Sajid Umar, Maxence Delverdier, Mattias Delpont, Sakhia F.Z. Belkasmi, Angélique Teillaud, Céline Bleuart, Isabelle Pardo, Mohammed EL Houadfi, Jean-Luc Guérin & Mariette F. Ducatez ‘Co-infection of turkeys with Escherichia coli (O78) and H6N1 avian influenza virus’ (47:3, 2018) https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03079457.2018.1449942 Qamar-un-Nisa, Muhammad Younus, Muti-ur-Rehman, Azhar Maqbool and Sajid Umar. 2017. Pathological Alterations during Co-Infection of Newcastle Disease Virus with Escherichia coli in Broiler Chicken. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(2), pp 401–797, DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.495.503 Shahid Jaleel, Muhammad Younus, Asif Idrees, Muhammad Arshad, Aman Ullah Khan, Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque, Muhammad Irfan Zaheer, Muhammad Tanweer, Farhan Towakal, Munibullah, Muhammad Yasin Tipu, Muhammad Luqman Sohail and Sajid Umar. 2017. Pathological alterations in respiratory system during co-infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (H9N2) and Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. Journal of Veterinary Research, 61(3), pp 253–258, DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0035 D. E. Swayne, M. D. Ficken &J ames S. Guy. 1992. Immunohistochemical demonstration of influenza A nucleoprotein in lungs of turkeys with natural and experimental influenza respiratory disease. Avian Pathology. 21(4), pp 547–557, DOI: 10.1080/03079459208418876 The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.